Comparison between a developing and developed country

Comparison between a developing and developed country The countries I choose to discuss are China representing the developing country and USA symbolizing the developed country. economic system concerns with the production structure of a country. It also includes how to allocate the economic inputs, how to distribute the outputs between the citizens and how to consume goods and services in an economy.(NA 2007) According to Gregory et al (2003), the economic system has four dimensions: decision-making structure, coordination mechanism, productive property rights and incentive system. Decision making concerned with by whom the decisions are carried out, industrial councils, the government, or private owners. In US, excluding only a few national industries, many decisions are decided by the private owners, however, in China, there are a lot of state-owned enterprises which make decisions under the influence of the government. Coordination mechanism is the way of obtaining information and how to use it to coordinate economic activity. The main forms of coordination contain planning and the market. In US, its coordination form is the market: the market is clear, and the exchange of information is highly efficient. While, China has been through a long time of planning coordination, its form, although its government claims the market, is in an interim. Productive property rights is about who takes control of the output. In US, the ownership is protected by the constitution while in China, they are owned by the public or by all the members in the society. Incentive system refers to the reward. There are two major base: material (compensation) and moral (social prestige). In both countries, they have both incentive systems simultaneously since either one is enough. 1.2 financial system 1.2.1 financial system in US In the US, its unit of money is dollar. Its central bank is Federal Reserve who is responsible for making decision concerning to the finance such as financial policy and the base interest rate. since Fed is independent of the government and its chairman has a term of 18 years, it may put focus in the long term. In US, there are many financial institutions such as banks, insurance companies, mutual funds, insurance companies and so on. The varied institutions designed many sorts of financial instruments circulating in the financial market in the US which make the US the most efficient financial market in the world. 1.2.2 financial system in China In China, its unit of money is yuan. Its central bank is Peoples bank of China(PBC). Compared to Fed, they have a same job including issuing currency, making financial policy and so on. However, since PBC is also a part of the government, its independence is in doubt in some degree. In other words, PBC may adopt the government leaders opinions when they make their final decision. Chinese financial system is immature and still in the progress of developing. In this way, the kinds of financial institutions in China are limited. There are no private-owned financial institutions in China and theres legal protection that financial institutions can only be emerged but no bankruptcy. The financial instruments are also limited. Time deposit, demand deposit, and treasury bills are individual investors primary choice. Until now, more and more people are taking part in the stock market or buying some fund. 1.3 the unique feature-means used by the central to regulate the economy In China, when PBC wants to express its monetary policy, its main tool is to change the benchmark of deposit and lending rates. If PBC wants to adopt tightening monetary policy, it will increase the benchmark rate, on the other hand, it will drop the rate when adopting expansionary monetary policy. However, the method has its own disadvantage: its effect is so strong that it may hurt the development of the economy. In the US, when Fed wants to regulate the economy, its first option is open market operation. If they want to adopt an expansionary monetary policy, it will buy the treasury bills from the financial market and release more money in the circulation. While, when they want to tighten the market, it will sell its bills and get money in the circulation back to the Fed. By regulation this way, the Fed is able to regulate the economy more proficiently and accurately, and this method has the smallest negative effects to the economy. The main reason why China doesnt use open market operation very much is that its financial instruments are limited and its financial market is not mature enough to do it. The other reason is that Chinese government interferes with the central bank more compared to the US government to the Fed. Q2 2.1 A brief introduction to IMF IMF, short for International Monetary Fund, is the international organization aimed for supervising the global system, especially financial system. Its main targets are keeping an eye on exchange rates and balance of payments as well as aiding the developing countries financially and technically. (Wikipedia) This organization was conceived back to July 1944 when 45 governments held a meeting in the Mount Washington Hotel located in Bretton Woods: in this way, this financial system later was called Bretton Woods system. It was formally founded on December 27,1945. 2.2 Members of IMF At the beginning of its foundation, it had only 29 members and its influence on the global financial system was rather limited. However, as time goes by, its affect on the global finance even economy is increasing gradually: the members it accumulated is more and more. It is not that easily be accepted as a member of IMF. The country or state has to take several strict steps before it is able to sign the IMFs Articles of Agreement. However, that effort is worth endeavoring: every member has its own quota in it. The quota represents the status of the member in the organization since several crucial characteristics including the voting weight and allocation of SDRs are determined by the quota. The member who has the most quota in IMF has the greatest power in IMF. United States enjoys 15.82% while other members only get around 6%, or even less. In this way, the US has always been the country which is able to block a supermajority on its own. This is also the point raised by many critics that how can IMF keep its equity among so many members. 2.3 the objectives of IMF The fundamental task for the IMF stays the same as it was founded: to supply financial aid to the countries in need. 2.4 challenges faced by IMF The financial crisis beginning in 2008 is so devastating that nearly every part of the world is strictly affected by it. IMF is also no exception. This crisis is also showing the world that globalization, if not controlled properly, may turn to be a disaster throughout the world and some international financial organizations, such as IMF, has to face some new challenges. According to the statement of an official in IMF, although the global economy would hit the second bottom since 2008, the whole world still has to face four crucial challenges: the financial sustainability, employment crisis, repair of the financial organizations and global cooperation. 2.4.1 financial sustainability Financial sustainability can be represented as a mutual trust between the government and its citizens on the policy. In this way, it is very critical when government is making policies in the recovery. To explicate it, lets make an example. When suffered from the crisis just now, the countrys economy was destroyed nearly completely. In order to recover quickly, the government chooses the expansionary fiscal policy by increasing the government spending or decreasing the inflation rate. By doing this, the government wants to show the confidence that they want to encourage more investment to the citizens. The citizens, responding to the government, begin to invest more than before, since they have a faith in government. However, with the increase of investment, the government realizes that another problem is showing up: the inflation rate is rising. In order to overcome inflation, the government has to increase the interest rate, which is a signal of scotch the investment. The citizens may feel confused by the governments changing policy, and may lose faith in it. If the trust between a government and its citizens is destroyed, the recovery is totally hopeless. However, usually the government is shortsighted and its lack of financial sustainability cannot help the recovery and even lose the best opportunity, it is the IMFs responsibility to help guiding the government and make sure that they make the right decision. 2.4.2 employment crisis Since the financial crisis in 2008, many developed countries including USA and some major European countries are suffering from the extraordinarily high unemployment rate. Mr. Obama, the president of United States, had promised that the unemployment rate of US would drop. However, until right now, the unemployment rate of US is still above 8%, and there is more rumor that this number will fly to 10% or higher. This phenomenal is very common among the other developed countries around the world. High employment is fatal to a countrys stability. Without a domestic stable economy, how can people around the world make sure of the stability of the economy? While creating a stable environment for the global economy is one of the objects of IMF, how to lower the unemployment and create more job opportunities become their challenges. 2.4.3 repair of the financial organizations As it is well known around the world, five major investment banks disappeared in USA during the financial crisis. Affected by this, many other financial and nonfinancial organizations within and outside US were in danger of bankruptcy. Since financial organizations are the primary elements in the financial system, helping them repair from the crisis is necessary. However, despite the organizations, even some countries are facing bankruptcy themselves. Depending on the government may not be a very good choice. In this time, the job rests on the shoulder of IMF, an international financial organization, who is able to help national ones when they need it. 2.4.4 global cooperation With the pace of globalization, the cooperation within different countries is becoming more and more indispensible to ones own economy. The deadly financial crisis happened in 2008 was first ignited in the US, while, after a short time, this crisis was spreading around the whole world like a cancer. Until now, many parts of world are still suffering from it. From this crisis, it is widely realized that even it is caused by only one section of a country, the influence may be spreading far far way, just like the butterfly effect. Thus, in order to cope with it efficiently, every country should enhance their cooperation with each. To cooperate finely, there has to be an organization to regulate their behaviors and that organization is IMF. Now, how to help each member cooperation with others effectively and safely is the final but not the easiest challenge faced by IMF. 2.5 my suggestions When facing these new challenges, I have several suggestions for the IMF. First of all, I suggest that IMF should guide those countries who have the most serious debt problems, even by exempting from a certain amount of heavy debt. Only by doing this can help them stabilize the domestic environment within the countries. Another suggestion from me is that IMF should appeal that every member enhances its cooperation when making policies. We must abandon the way of recovery based on hurting the other members economy such as the protection to local product by putting more duty on the imports. NA (2007). economic systems, The New Encyclopedia Britannica, V. 4, p. 357. Gregory et al(2003). Comparing Economic Systems in the Twenty-First Century.

Methods of Personnel Development Essay

1. Introduction Successful personnel development is necessary to help and organization to acquire a competitive edge in the market. A well trained and competent workforce and help and organization cut a competitive edge in the market which the competing organizations may find hard to replicate the long run.   Efficient methods of personnel development are necessary for the success of the organization. Personnel have become an important concern for all managers in all industry.   This has been promoted by the problems which have been experienced in hiring of personnel who can meet the required standards to deliver the needed services.   The current strategic human resource management has recognized employees as the most important asset that an organization has. In this regard it has become of paramount important for organization to carry out effective staff development programs which are likely to meet the required work standards.   There has been increasing for the organization to carry out effective individual training programs which will meet the demands of their customers.   When most organization have been emphasizing for the downsizing of their employee, it has become important for them to ensure that it effective training programs which will ensure there is overall growth. (Consulting, 2000) For an organization to ensure that there is effective growth of its workforce, employee training and development has become a priority rather than an option.   There are many organizations which have been carrying out training programs but which have not resulted to the required results.   Training and development  Ã‚   is usually an integral and an expensive part of the human resource department and therefore there should be all efforts aimed at ensuring that there is overall success of the exercise. Effective training and development programs are necessary in order to ensure that there is overall growth of the worker. The most important factor that can help the organization to carryout effective personnel development is to understand the goals of the organization and therefore work to achieve these goals.   The organization goal will assist the organization to come up with effective design and implementation of the organization. Efficient personnel development program are therefore necessary to ensure that the organization cuts a competitive edge in the market. (Jenning, 1996) 2. Success factors for training There are important factors in the overall development process that must be taken into consideration to have effective personnel development. The most important factor that the organizations need to realise in the design and implementation of personnel development is the mission and vision of the organization. This will help the management to become committed to the overall process of personnel development in the most efficient way.   The company should also evaluate the relative risk of exposure which is presented by the compliance requirement and therefore use this as an effective way of prioritizing the needs for planning training.   The management will also involve the key line representatives in order to design and implement train interventions. This means that training should be viewed as a way of helping the organization to remain competitive and not as a necessary evil.   The management should also be keep away of the focus of the training activities and the role  Ã‚   that the activities are intended to achieve and help the organization to achieve in its overall objectives. (Bowie and Jordan, 2001) There are important characteristic which are used to identify a successful training program.   The following are the common characteristics of a successful training in an organization;  · There should be a clear understating of the goals of the organization and the needs of all the line managers for training and development.   This means that   the training programs will be based on these key strategies which are likely to support the   goal of the organization  · There should be involvement of the key line personnel in the selection, design and the scheduling of training.  · The style for delivering the training program must focus on the adult learning concepts  Ã‚   including the relevant content of the course.  · The training activities should be seen as an integral part of the overall training place for the organization and not an individual or a one time event that will come and go.  · There should be a high accountability for the result which will justify the purpose for training.   There should be effective evaluation, measurement and a well organization reporting of the results of training.  · There should be frequent communication between the organization management and the person who are overseeing training program. This will ensure that there is overall support for the training programs and the enforcement of the training values. 3. In house vs. Third party training There are two broad methods which are used to deliver training programs.   These include the in-house training and the third party training program.   The organization is likely to choose the most efficient method that will ensure that there is delivery of the most efficient training program. In-house training will involve when an organization uses the instructor who are a part of the organization.   This employs will also be trained as they continue with their work which means there will less loss of time and the productivity for the organization will not be affected. However this method is likely to result to low employee expectation from the training program since they are likely to learn what they have been practicing. (Rouda and Kusy, 2005) The third party training take place when and organization brings in an extern expert. External experts are likely to come with new experience for the organization which will reinforce the development of the workforce.   Under this method the organization can also decide to take its staff for an external training program which will take place outside the organization.   This method is likely to be more effective since the staff will be expecting to learn new things from what they have been practicing in the organization. In the course of training there are different ways that can be used by the organization to source for training materials.   The organization can develop its own materials in the organization which will be in-house material development. The organizations can also source for material outside through purchase or leasing.  Ã‚   When the organization hires third party to come and training the staff, the conditions for hiring can also be that the third party will be expected to come with training materials. In order to select the best combination for the trainer and the program, the organization should be important consideration including the experience, time for development of the program, resources available, the money available for the program and the cost of the options, the expected quality, the training needs for the organization and the credibility of the method that will be used. 4. Program design The program design describes the way the overall training program will be planned.   Program design consist of   important   aspect of the training   including the conduction of the needs analysis for the   company, the prioritizing o the need in the training place, definition of the   course objectives to match the   training needs, and the selection of   the training formats that will be used in the   training program. a) Need analysis A need analysis is carried out in order to identify the  Ã‚   area in which the organization needs to carry out training.   The need analysis is the first step in determine the whole training program. The need analysis should be carried out comprehensively in order to understand the specific area under in which the training will emphasize. Usually a need analysis will come up with a long list of needs that the organization will have to look at. In need analyses there are three types of data that the trainer will have to collect. The pre-training behaviour will give the knowledge that the trainees have. The post training behaviour will give the expectation from the training that the organization wants to achieve through training.   The workplace reinforcement and constraints will give the factors for the job which can help or hinder the trainees in applying what they will have learned. (Jenning, 1996) b)    Course objectives This should identify the specific objectives that the training will achieve. Identification of the course objective is likely to increase the effectiveness of training and evaluation of needs assessment.   Basically three types of course objectives will have to be looked at. These include the planning objectives, the process objectives and the learning objectives.   This will help in the formatting of the training. c)    Training format There are different formats that can be used to deliver training.   The best format that an organization can choose is the one which will create a setting an environment which is most conducive to learn.   The format has to be flexible.   There are formal and informal training formats Informal training format will include format like one on one tutoring which   can be teem consuming but very effective,   use groups, discussion groups and   newsletters.   On the other hand formal training formats include formats like classroom training like lectures or demonstration, video or audio, computer based trailing, satellite training, teleconferencing, use of simulations, use of manuals, and on   job training.   The formal training methods have become most common used in organisational training since they are more effective and have been supported by the emerging technologies. (Consulting, 2000) d)    Program delivery This is the most important part in the training process. The way the training will be delivered is important in determining how it will be effective to achieve the goals of the training.   Delivery of training should be based on principle of adult learning since most of the employees who undergo training are adults.   There sold a proven adults-instructions practices rather than the traditional classroom delivery method which is likely to compromise the quality of training. e)    E-learning With the increased use of technology in the world, e-learning is also rising to be an important factor in the training programs. E-learning involves the process of delivering learning through the use of person computer. It is widely used in education institution but it is also fining it place in the employee training programs. In employee training e-learning has been providing an effective time saving method of learning as compared to other methods.   It is also easy to carry training from any part of the world can therefore can be used when an organisation choose third party training. However it is expensive since al the employees will need to have a computer. 5. How adults learn According to the learning theories, it has been shown that adults learn different from how children learn.   Unlike children, adults are likely to relate what they hear to their experience and the knowledge they have gathered over time.   Adults are also good listeners and will digest what they are listen.   This means that when training adults, one need to have all the facts to their fingers and ensure that they are correct as challenge can arise at any one time. (Consulting, 2000) According to the adult learning theories there are important factor that have to be considered when teaching them.   First it should be understood that adults are less interested in the overview, they are more interested in what they are learning. They need to be given examples which can help them to relate what they are learning with their real experience. Since they are more critical on what is delivery any information that is likely to contradict what they know should be delivered slowly and in an efficient manner. The training should assist them to make connections with what they already know.   The pace of training should also be suited for their mind. Fast training may prove difficult for them while a too slow training is boring.   The training should avoid trial and error ventures and should reinforce the learnt concept in their real life example. (Jenning, 1996) a)    Designing training experience for adults There are important principal that the trainers must consider when planning adult learning.   The structure of the workshop should take to consideration that adult learns usual need some feedback which is likely to mark their progress in training.   The usually learn best when their own experience is integrated in the learning process. They should be given opportunity to ask questions and interact to share experience.   The adult learners are responsible for their learning and they prefer to share with one another in the process.   This interaction must be given a chance.   Adults are likely to learn in an environment where there is mutual trust and respect for one another.   Adults learners must be motivate din order to feel the need to learn. This earns that they have to be shown the important of undergoing the training and how it is going to affect their job performance. b)    Classroom instruction In order to ensure that there is effectiveness of the training process, there are important characters and method that should be incorporated in the training. some of the   most important factors in training include the   inclusion of discussion breaks time which agreed with   all the participants, ensure that the participants are comfortable, state   clearly the objectives of the training, make a preparation of   the material to be used before the class being so that you can evaluate them, use training aids and establish rapports in the course of training, ensure that you don’t interrupt the   participate when they are contributing,   be yourself and more flexible in the course of the training, answer all the question asked and provide constant feedbacks to the participants. c) Documenting available training courses In order to keep up with the course of the training resources, it is important to keep written records as they have been learnt.   This will help the learners to remind themselves of what they have learned in the course of the training. This is also important as it will help the learners to understand what they have been learning and therefore keep up with the course of the training. It also helps the management to see the courses that are available. d)   Measuring and evaluating training effectiveness There had to be an effective way of evaluating the learning process in order to understand the effectiveness of the learning process. This is very critical since it will determine whether the organization is really meeting its objectives or not. It will help the organisation to understand the important steps that are being made in the course of the training. There are many methods of evaluation that is used in the course of the training. The most effective evaluation methods that are used include the use of smile sheet which is one of the five point evaluation which enquiries about the quality of the instructor and others, there is also the pre-test or post techs which is used to measure the increased in knowledge for the learners.   The presets will establish a baseline while the post test will confirm any improvement that is being made which can be directly attributed to the learning process. An observation can also be carried out on the specific performance of each individual including the trainer and the supervisor.   This will detect any changes in the work behaviour which can be directly attributed to the learning process.  Ã‚   Work performance can also e used as a method of evaluation. In this case work performance will look at the specific job tasks and performance indicators. These indicators are usually well defined and measured before and after training.

Prejudice And Discrimination Article Essay

One of the most interesting places to visit in this world is India. Located in South Asia it is officially called the Republic of India. India is well-known for being the second most populous nation in the world next to China.   There are many diverse ethnic groups among the people of India. The six (6) main ethnic groups are Negrito, Proto (Australoids or Austrics), Mongoloids, Mediterranean or Dravidian, Western Brachycephals and the Nordic Aryans (â€Å"People of India,† n.d.). India is also known to be the country from which one of the world’s largest religious congregations has originated, Hinduism. Thus, â€Å"about 80% of the population is Hindu, and 14% is Muslim. Other significant religions include Christians, Sikhs, and Buddhists. There is no state religion (â€Å"India,† n.d.).† India and the large number of its population is home to a vast array of culture and people, and a distinct classification of its Hindu believing population of the structural and hierarchical classification of its own members known as the caste system.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"The caste is a closed group whose members are severely restricted in their choice of occupation and degree of social participation. Marriage outside the caste is prohibited. Social status is determined by the caste of one’s birth and may only rarely be transcended† (â€Å"Caste,† n.d.). The caste system is an intricate classification of its population and many people can directly associate the said term with the â€Å"untouchables† or the Panchamas or Dalits who are the lowest ranked within the system and are tasked to perform the most menial tasks of the community (â€Å"Caste,† n.d; â€Å"Dalit,† n.d.). Even though the Constitution of the Republic of India disallows â€Å"untouchability† the caste remains to be very influential in Indian Society (â€Å"India,† n.d.). Likened to other countries or states, India is also home to its own indigenous people, one of which is the so called Adivasis or literally the â€Å"original inhabitants† who comprise a substantial indigenous minority of the population of India.   These Indian tribes are also called Atavika (forest dwellers, in Sanskrit texts), Vanvasis or Girijans (hill people, e.g. by Mahatma Gandhi) (â€Å"Adivasi,† n.d.).† Together with the Dalits, the Adivasis form the most discriminated group of people in the Indian community. These groups of people are said to be constantly subjected to ridicule and shame all over India in a constant basis. A study conducted by Mayell, H. (2003) has chronicled some atrocities committed particularly against the Dalits who are historically the only   ones referred to as â€Å"untouchables† by citing that â€Å"Statistics compiled by India’s National Crime Records Bureau indicate that in the year 2000, the last year for which figures are available, 25,455 crimes were committed against Dalits. Every hour two Dalits are assaulted; every day three Dalit women are raped, two Dalits are murdered, and two Dalit homes are torched.† Furthermore, she stated that â€Å"No one believes these numbers are anywhere close to the reality of crimes committed against Dalits. Because the police, village councils, and government officials often support the caste system, which is based on the religious teachings of Hinduism, many crimes go unreported due to fear of reprisal, intimidation by police, inability to pay bribes demanded by police, or simply the knowledge that the police will do nothing (Mayell, 2003.)† The Dalits can trace its being oppressed from the fact that India being largely a country of people adhering to Hindu beliefs from which the caste system is derived, are the people who are supposed to be the untouchables or, as discussed, ranked at the lowest. As a result of this, naturally the Dalits are can be rightfully perceived and treated the way religion, tradition and history has treated them, which is sadly bordering on slavery.   However, without passing judgment, albeit being quite possibly insensitive, the plight of the Dalits can easily be viewed as part of the natural made up of the Hinduism belief from which any non-Hindu society member can not and should not question. Religiously speaking, based on the Hindu belief a Dalit is a person who has does not have any â€Å"varnas†. Varna refers to the Hindu belief that most humans were supposedly created from different parts of the body of the divinity Purusha. The part from which a Varna was supposedly created defines a person’s social status with regards to issues such as who they can marry and which professions they could hold (â€Å"Dalit,† n.d.). For their parts, the Adivasis being the original dwellers of India had their own unique way of societal structure, culture and tradition which has like most indigenous tribes all over the world become outmoded as the modern world around them evolved. The discrimination and pitiful situation of the Adivasis are not directly rooted to Hinduism but possibly to a mix of modernization and the former. This possible mix can not be easily discounted knowing the fact that most people in India are Hindu or believers of Hinduism. It is important to stress that the Adivasis as a classification within the Indian population is not brought about or classified as such by Hinduism per se or as part of its caste system. As discussed, the Adivasis is an ethnic group who are original inhabitants of India possibly even prior to the birth of Hinduism whose culture has failed to completely cope up with the modern world. Thus, Bijoy, C. (2003) said â€Å"relegating the Adivasis to the lowest rung in the social ladder was but natural and formed the basis of social and political decision making by the largely upper caste controlled mainstream. The ancient Indian scriptures, scripted by the upper castes, also further provided legitimacy to this.† Hence, even though that the Adivasis can mostly trace their own problems from the failure of their culture and practices to conform to the modern world, as contrast to that of the Dalits, which can easily trace their own problems from its religion, the Adivasis by simply being not well-equipped enough to cope with the modern world are easily lumped together with the Dalits. As a result, together the Dalits and Adivasis form the most oppressed people in India who are more known as the untouchables. According to Tarique (2008) it is not only a struggle for dignity and self-respect that these poor groups of Indian people are fighting for. They are also engaged in the â€Å"struggle for their rights and entitlements for land, access to natural resources, livelihood, employment and to market in general. (Tarique, 2008.)† It is sad to note that these said factual happenings in a modern world such as ours are still happening.   It is but a semblance of irony knowing that the problems that these people are facing and fighting everyday are rooted to one of man’s most sacred possessions, his religious beliefs, which in itself has taught us notions of goodness and the proper way to which we should live our lives; religion, from which ideas of turning away from sin and helping one’s own fellowman being the exact cause of a structuralized system of discrimination and oppression.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Strictly speaking it is difficult to question the plight of these untouchables more so with the Dalits than the Adivasis because the former’s pitiful situation can be justified by the fact that society has adapted it as part of its religious beliefs. An outsider or any non-Hindu looking into the said situation may not have the proper perspective to look into the plight of these untouchables.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, it is without a doubt that when one adapts the globally accepted notion of humane treatment, the sorry plight of these untouchables more so that of the Adivasis who are clearly not directly   Hindu in origin, but more of an â€Å"accidental untouchables†, are well   below the world standards of humane treatment.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Today as the world has chosen to progress and adapt globally its own evolving norms of legal and illegal, acceptable and taboo, good or bad, the world has given more emphasis to equality among ALL MEN without qualifications based on race, gender, birth, color of skin and etc. It is without a doubt that the untouchables of India both the Dalits and Adivasis are victims of a society who have failed to progress with the times.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Adapting the global perspective and the trend to which modern world is predominantly practicing, today’s world would put any country into shame when one does not act upon or even question the sad and pitiful plight of the Dalits and the Adivasis, the so called untouchables, the accidental slaves of society, people who are as early as birth are discriminated.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In fact as already pointed out, it shall be everyone’s dream to realize and fulfill the perceived mandate of the Indian Constitution itself that outlaws this form of treatment of the so called untouchables. Perhaps only then one can give more emphasis and be prouder to claim India as a country truly rich in culture and proud history. References: Adivasi. (n.d.). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved January 8, 2008, from Reference.com website: http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Adivasi Bijoy, C. (2003). The Adivasis of India. A History of Discrimination, Conflict and Resistance. PUCL Bulletin. Retrieved January 8, 2008, from http://www.pucl.org/Topics/Dalit-tribal/2003/adivasi.htm Caste. (n.d.). Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 8, 2008, from Reference.com website: http://www.reference.com/browse/columbia/caste Dalit. (n.d.). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved January 8, 2008, from Reference.com website: http://www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Dalit India. (n.d.). Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia. Retrieved January 10, 2008, from Reference.com website: http://www.reference.com/browse/columbia/India Mayell, H. (2003). India’s â€Å"Untouchables† Face Violence, Discrimination. National Geographic News. Retrieved January 9, 2008, from http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003/06/0602_030602_untouchables.html People of India. (n.d.). People of India. Retrieved January 9, 2008, from http://www.webindia123.com/india/people/people.htm Tarique (2008). Fact Finding Mission on the Violence against Dalit and Adivasis Kundahamal District. India News. Retrieved January 10, 2008, from http://www.indianmuslims.info/news/2008/jan/09/fact_finding_mission_violence_against_dalit_and_adivais_kundahamal_district.html

The Media And Its Influence On Politics - 1643 Words

In a reasonable world we expect that all sources of media will gather different acts and situations and broadcast it fairly, and responsively. Each individual relies on the media in order to receive information daily. The question raised in this essay is â€Å"Has the media shown news accurately, fairly or even completely?† And â€Å"How has it brought down the economy†. Throughout this essay I will look into the media and its influences that it has on politics, Its Government and the economy that surrounds itself within it. The history of Canada’s economics begins with the farming, hunting and even the ability to trade amongst the First Nations. With the arrival of the Europeans in the 16th century the Canadian economy has undergone a series of shifts. Such as the transcontinental fur trade, the advancement in fishery, rapid urbanization and various technological change. Though many industries have come and gone, Canada’s dependences on natural resources from timber to fur has made it known to its exporters that without their help the ability to produce the many luxuries that are available wont be possible. So what does this have to do with the media? The media has always had a strong hold on community and social life. It allows information from each part of the world to travel within seconds, and it supports advancement in product recognition. From different types of food, to the consistent upgrades of technology, media promotes a sense of selfishness and pride on his hold onShow MoreRelatedMedia s Influence On Politics1742 Words   |  7 Pages In the Public Eye: Politics and the Media Much of American life is guided by the influx of information received from the media. This results in the ability of the media to shape or mold the opinions of American society. Media is used in numerous areas concerning politics. â€Å"Without the media’s investigations, citizens would be forced to rely entirely on the information provided by politicians and the government, and would be deprived of an indispensable opportunity to evaluate issues carefully andRead MoreMedia s Influence On Politics932 Words   |  4 PagesMedia and politics are different entities with distinct aim; however, both depend on each other. Politics use media to be known by the public and to advertise their campaigns while media needs politics to inform the public by giving visibility to politics. Media and politics work together and even though they are different, both impact each other . Since politics need media to provide good image and information about them. Media also can use its authority t o exploit information on politics; in contrastRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Politics1134 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican Government The media’s influence on politics I decided to do research on the impact that the media has politics due to the factors that can influence society, as well as the individuals. Do you believe that social media plays a major role in politics and at times can be unfair by only showing one perspective? I personally believe that the social media, greatly effects politics and can be shown to be very one-sided on many occasions. Social media has been around long before itRead MoreMedia s Influence On Politics1422 Words   |  6 PagesThe media has perpetually influenced politics, for example, during the 2016 election, 91 percent of Americans learned information about the election from eleven various media sources. As it is evident that the media increases knowledge about multiple candidates and political parties throughout the country, within those sources, individualistic opinions and biases cloud the accurate information of what occurs. Although the press may be expanding awareness about the government and policy issues, itRead More The Influence of the Media on Politics Essays4124 Words   |  17 PagesThe Influence of the Media on Politics Freedom of the press is guaranteed only to those who own one. This quote by A.J. Liebling illustrates the reality of where the media stands in todays society. Over the past twenty years there has been an increase in power throughout the media with regard to politics. The medias original purpose was to inform the public of the relevant events that occurred around the world. The job of the media is to search out the truth and relay that news to the peopleRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Politics Essay2357 Words   |  10 Pages â€Å"Social media s influence in this presidential election is stronger than it has ever been† (Lang par.4). It is undeniable that this 2016 election has been greatly impacted by the media. Whether it be social media or the more traditional forms of media, the impact is colossal. Many would say that this is great, because politics are evolving and appealing to younger and younger people. A tremendous amount of people believe that the surprising and quite impressive success of Donald Trump and hisRead More Influence of the Wealthy Over the Media and Politics Essay1018 Words   |  5 Pagesis guaranteed only to those who own one. --- —A.J. Liebling. The majority of media in the United States, are owned in operated by wealthy individuals and corporations. Media also helps portray â€Å"big business† good or bad, depending on their influence, mostly due to contributions. Due to these contributions, select few have been able to manipulate and create a bias towards the contributor. Eventually free media and press evolved into the oligarchy that now â€Å"runs† our country. Read MoreSocial Media Influences On Politics And World Outlook1804 Words   |  8 PagesHow the Social Media Influences Society’s Relationship/views on Politics and/or World Outlook Social media is everyday and everywhere. It’s hard to imagine today’s world without social media or social networking sites like Facebook, Twitter or Instagram. According to Pew Research Center, over 81 percent of Americans use a social media platforms, the number of worldwide social media users reached almost 2 billion people (Gotfried, 2016). Such a rapid growth of communication and interaction throughRead More The Impact of Mass Media Influence on Politics Essay2941 Words   |  12 Pagesof Mass Media Influence on Politics What impact do the mass media have on modern government and politics? The mass media is now a global phenomenon and has revolutionized the way individuals communicate with each other and receive information. In this essay I will examine the three forms of mass media - newspaper, radio and television - and the way they have evolved. I will explain the three main theories relating to the impact of mass media on the public. I will then discuss how media has alteredRead MoreEssay on How the Electronic Media Influences Politics in America461 Words   |  2 PagesHow the Electronic Media Influences Politics in America The electronic media has much influence on politics in America. On the TV, radio, internet, and press, politics are presented in many different ways and with many different views. The media can be used to influence the people in both positive and negative ways. This paper will outline these influences and state examples in a variety of different platforms. The media has created an impressive increase in literacy among people

Application Paper Organizational Communication Theory

December 2, 2015 Alethea Hong Chan COM 314 Organizational Theory Dr. Horowitz Alethea Hong Chan COM 314 Organizational Communication Theory Dr. Horowitz December 2, 2015 Application paper Identified by consumers the most recognizable brand in the real estate field, Century 21 West Coast Brokers is a real estate agency aiming to provide brand marks, generate people-oriented organization, as well as communicative and innovative technologies. I work as an administrative assistant as I create advertisements and perform marketing tasks in helping to lease and sell our office properties. Working as a real estate administrative assistant, I am fortunate to have the opportunity to interact with a variety of people at†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"In a very basic sense, we grow up learning about what work means† (Miller, 2014, p.121). Even when similar background like this may be relatable, it is natural and necessary for me to go through the first stage of socialization- anticipatory stage. Anticipatory socialization is the socialization process that occurs before newcomers enter the organization. Going through job searching processes, I am able to learn about C entury 21 West Coast Brokers itself as a company, along with its mission goals and core values. As I apply for this specific job position, it is when I first learn about the requirement of my job responsibility. I may be confused and worried that this may not be the right and best job for me, because I still do not have a clear direction and feeling for what this job is going to be like. As mentioned in the book, interviews are served as recruiting and screening tool, information-gathering tool, and socialization tool. I am fortunate to have received a call for an interview where it has given me an opportunity to see a realistic picture of the company itself as well as to ease my uncertainty by asking questions during the interview. The second stage, encounter phase, occurs when I was hired and began working at Century 21 West Coast Brokers. â€Å"Louis describes the encounter experience as one of change, contrast, and surprise, and she argues that the newcomer must workShow MoreRelatedStrategic Leadership : A Successful Or Unsuccessful Church And Ministry1638 Words   |  7 Pagesunsuccessful church and ministry. Strategic leadership not only requires a strategic plan for the future, but also a strategic plan for the present. This research paper contains an in-depth look at the necessary demand to balance short-term and long-term needs and plans in strategic leadership, which is developed from organizational theory, leadership theory and Scripture. This issue in strategically leadership will then be applied to Grace Church and ministry to families. Balancing Current and Future OrientationsRead MoreApplying Social Technical Theory in Knowledge Management (Km)1058 Words   |  5 PagesApplying Social Technical Theory in Knowledge Management (KM) The theme of my paper pertains to the application of Social Technical Theory in Knowledge Management. Technology has changed the operation of business organizations around the world. Applying socio-technical theories in knowledge management advances the ability of one organization to rapidly disseminate and share information vital to the fast, sophisticated and highly demanding information technology superhighway. Timely andRead MoreOrganization and Management Analysis1470 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Organizational and management analysis are an essential part of organizational environment. In the modern world, working environment characteristics are team work, delegation, information technology interfaces, which have an impact on the effectiveness of organization and management. This helps in cost reduction, decrease in environmental waste, improved employee satisfaction and an increase in overall productivity. To have an organizational and management analysis review of organizational chartsRead MoreGoogle : Organizational Methods Of Creativity1293 Words   |  6 PagesGoogle: Organizational Methods to Enhance Creativity Name Institution Date Course ABSTRACT The study focuses on the methods that organizations use to enhance creativity. These methods varied considerably from one organization to the other leading to difference in performance. The research also investigates how creativity process determines the eventual organizational performance. In an attempt to improve the le vel of creativity, organisations use various models and theories. There are three commonRead MoreOrganizational Theory and The Heart of Change Essay1357 Words   |  6 PagesKenneth McLaurin MNGT 5590 Integrative Paper INTRODUCTION The book The Heart of Change shows the practical side of the theories that are taught in the course textbook. It presents stories of successes and failures based in the application of concepts discussed in Organizational Behavior and Management and in class. Although we talked about several different concepts the ones that are evident in the examples in The Heart Of Change are the more progressive and individual centered approachesRead MoreIntegrative Paper1526 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizational Behavior Integrative Paper Abstract This paper is an analysis that gives the concepts presented by John P. Kotter’s, â€Å"The Heat of Change†, book and the concepts presented by Ivancevich, Konopaske, and Matteson’s, Organizational Behavior and Management text book. Kotter wrote and gave comparative situations on dealing with human behavioral and how to better manage them when presented in an organizational situation. He gave real lifeRead Moresystem theory1652 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ One of the biggest breakthroughs in how we understand and guide change in organizations is systems theory and systems thinking. There are two main definitions of a system, an implicit and an explicit phrase, with the explicit phrase being used in system thinking by organizations. The definition refers to a system as being a collection of highly integrated parts or subsystems that attain a specific goal, through inputs that are processed into precise outputs. And thus if a part of thisRead MoreManagement Of Power By Saint Louis Medical Center993 Words   |  4 Pagesefficiency. The leadership theories that best suit my management of power are the transformational and the nine-factors of full-range theories. In both theories, leaders motivate their staff by appealing to moral values that stem from the organization’s vision statement (Doody Doody, 2012). These types of leaders create a work environment in which the staff feels safe to take certain risks that promote creativity and innovation (Doody Doody, 2012). They encourage communication, teamwork, and professionalRead MoreOrganizational And Management Analysis : Organizational Analysis1503 Words   |  7 PagesANALYSIS 1 Organizational and management analysis are an essential part of organizational environment. In the modern world, working environment characteristics are team work, delegation, information technology interfaces, which have an impact on the effectiveness of organization and management. This helps in cost reduction, decrease in environmental waste, improved employee satisfaction and an increase in overall productivity. To have an organizational and management analysis review of organizational chartsRead MoreOrganizational Commitment1344 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational Commitment and Communication Paper Week 3 COM/530 10/27/2011 Introduction A look at an organization’s communication and leadership styles can say a lot about the organization as a whole. Google has a relaxed atmosphere, where management allows workers to create their own schedules; and fosters creativity by allowing and encouraging their workers to explore side projects (Google Culture, 2011). What would happen if the leadership style were to change? This is one of the elements

Essay about The Media’s Effect on Adolescent Bodies

The Media’s Effect on Adolescent Bodies The stringent standard Barbie-doll proportions of body image and what is considered beautiful in today’s media has resulted in devastating effects on adolescent women. The images displayed of women who have long beautiful legs, thin waist lines and smooth flawless skin are very hard to ignore. Throughout history the female body has been on display as a selling tool to coerce people into buying that new fancy car or the latest new appliance that can make their everyday lives easier. Commercials of the extremely thin Kelly Ripa can act as a mantra of what a modern day picture perfect house wife should look like standing beside her magical ovens and washing machines. There are also constant ads on†¦show more content†¦In her book The Beauty Myth, Naomi Wolf criticizes the media and its negative effects on women by stating that every woman should be allowed the choice to do whatever we want with our faces and bodies without being punished by an ideology that is using atti tudes, economic pressure, and even legal judgments regarding womens appearance to undermine us psychologically and politically (10). Some of the most common negative effects that young girls are experiencing are physical, emotional, and social. The physical effect s that the media has on a young girl’s overall beauty and body image are staggering. Many young girls put their bodies through painful physical transformations. They want to look just like their favorite celebrities or to fit into the latest fashion trends and appeal to the media’s idea of what the opposite sex wants them to look like. Willis’s The Culture of Beauty, argues this point by saying â€Å"The Media distract women from focusing on what bodies do†¦ dressing up, dressing down or sculpting our bodies in pursuit of a profile the we’d be happy to avoid dressing altogether. They print lessons available to male readers regarding what’s ‘desirable’ and ‘ideal’ when it comes to the sizes and shapes of women’s body parts†(106-107). What’s even more disturbing is the physical appearance of girls who starve themselves to reach theShow MoreRelatedTeenage Girls and Body Image Essay 1291 Words   |  6 Pagesof influence from the media’s message. The problem with this is the media has a specific way of doing things and can be negative to a susceptible teenage girl. Media’s way of portraying a woman can be skewed and unrealistic way from what reality is. Teenage girls then have a desire for this look or way. In this essay the three ways I will describe as to why the media can negatively affect a teenage girls body image is by showing unrealistic bodies and women, women whose bodies are desirable by a massRead MoreMedia s Influence On Body Image1697 Words   |  7 Pagesmalleable brains, adolescent females are subjected to the image of a perfect body through media’s adverse influence of what a quintessential girl is supposed to look like and the permanent impact it has on a girl’s life. The definition of body image stems from a subjective picture of one’s own physical appearance established by both self-observation and by noting the reactions of others (Medical Dictionary). Young girls are influenced by different media sources to change their body images forRead MoreAnalysis of Article: â€Å"Influence of Mass Media on Body Image and Eating Disordered Attitudes and Behaviors in Females† by Jordi Fauquet, et al.747 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Influence of Mass Media on Body Image and Eating Disordered Attitudes and Behaviors in Females† reveals the high correlation between media content and females’ idea of beauty. Although the article does not specify on their intended audience, the reader can infer the audience to be adolescent females and important familiars to them, i.e. mothers and friends. Appealing to individuals who have the most impact on an adolescent female may evoke guilt through the pressures placed to fit body image. The authors’Read MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Social Media Essay1714 Words   |  7 Pagesconsume a large portion of their time, adolescents frequently become consumed in social media. That being said, almost every adolescent uses some form of social media or social networking including Snapchat, Instagram, Twitter, Facetime, texting, etc. While some adolescents are encouraged to join social sites by family and peers to make new friends or form new connections, this encouragement may eventually lead to adverse, long-lasting consequences. Social media’s biggest disadvantage is its indirectRead MoreWomen and adolescent girls are exposed, daily, to the medias portrayal of perfect beauty. Being1600 Words   |  7 PagesWomen and adolescent girls are exposed, daily, to the medias portrayal of perfect beauty. Being bombarded with images of beautiful women with perfect figures and porcelain skin has had an effect on the way women and young girls portray their own bodies. This, in return, causes a drive for thinness which, ultimately, can ignite feelings of dissatisfaction which can cause eating disorders and poor health decisions. This epidemic has captivated many women and adolescents as they go to tremendous lengthsRead MoreA Culture Of Perfection : Media s Influence On Adolescents1362 Words   |  6 Pages A Culture of Perfection: Media’s Influence on Adolescents Comparison. It is one of the most dangerous and detrimental habits within our society. We fall into a routine of â€Å"self-checking† ourselves against others; mentally taking notes of what we can improve and what we are doing better. We all know that comparison often takes its’ toll on our confidence and self-worth; what we may not realize, however, is how early these destructive habits begin and why. The media’s influence is everywhere andRead More The Medias Influence on Eating Disorders Essay example1100 Words   |  5 PagesThe Medias Influence on Eating Disorders The National Eating Disorders Association states that eating disorders are conditions that arise from factors including physical, psychological, interpersonal, and social issues. Media images help define cultural definitions of beauty and attractiveness and are often acknowledged as one of the factors that contribute to the rise of eating disorders (NEDA). The National Eating Disorders Associations website, The Effect of the Media on Body SatisfactionRead MoreSocial Media has Unhealthy Effect on Young Women647 Words   |  3 Pagesover excessive forms of media. Adolescents spend a typical day of about 7.5 hours or more on some sort of media. (Media, Body Image, and Eating Disorders1) Although men are affected by the downfall of media usage, young women bear the cross. Not only do women have to face the expectations of perfection, but also the discrimination from themselves and others. Media usage has become an everyday part of life; however, it has an unhealthy effect on young wo men. Media’s example of perfection has beenRead MoreMedias Destructive Influence on Women Essay1215 Words   |  5 Pagesnegative effect on how women perceive themselves. I would like to propose a project which involves analyzing several women, of many different age groups, across their lifespan while testing how much the media affects their lives. In the paragraphs below, I am going to summarize three research articles concerning this topic. The first article is titled: The Effects of the Media on Body Image by Amanda J. Holmstrom. This article proposes the theory that the media’s depiction of a thin body imageRead More Enjoyment of Being a Girl: Overcoming Industry Standards Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pagesloss. Women should know that they need their spiritual health to live happily and not be influenced by the images that the media portray as the â€Å"perfect† body. Women need to have a feeling of being safe, powerful and comfortable within their own bodies. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"Media has a negative impact on the way women feel about their bodies†, says Julie Parsons a clinical social worker (WVU). The media is such a huge influence in people’s lives sometimes they don’t realize it. As women are

Life on the Mississippi free essay sample

After all these years I can picture that old time to myself now, just as it was then: the white town drowsing in the sunshine of a summers morning; the streets empty, or pretty nearly so; one or two clerks sitting in front of the Water Street stores, with their splint-bottomed chairs tilted back against the wall, chins on breasts, hats slouched over their faces, asleep with shingle-shavings enough around to show what broke them down; A sow and a litter of pigs loafing along the sidewalk, doing a good business in watermelon rinds and seeds; two or three lonely little freight piles scattered about the levee; a pile of skids on the slope of the stone-paved wharf, and the fragrant town drunkard asleep in the shadow of them; two or three wood flats at the head of the wharf, but nobody to listen to the peaceful lapping of the wavelets against them; the great Mississippi, the majestic, the magnificent Mississippi, rolling its mile-wide tide along, shining in the sun; the dense forest away on the other side; the point above the town, and the point below, bounding the river-glimpse and turning it into a sort of sea, and withal a very still and brilliant and lonely one. Presently a film of dark smoke appears above one of those remote points; instantly a negro drayman, famous for his quick eye and prodigious voice, lifts up the cry, S-t-e-a-m-boat a-comin! and the scene changes! The town drunkard stirs, the clerks wake up, a furious clatter of drays follows, every house and store pours out a human contribution, and all in a twinkling the dead town is alive and moving. † This perfectly describes the setting in which young boys would live. Next is keen awareness of culture, or â€Å"local flavor† and an example of this in the story is, â€Å"Boy after boy managed to get on the river. The ministers son became an engineer. The doctors and the post-masters sons became mud clerks; the wholesale liquor dealers son became a barkeeper on a boat; four sons of the chief merchant, and two sons of the county judge, became pilots. Pilot was the grandest position of all. The pilot, even in those days of trivial wages, had a princely salaryfrom a hundred and fifty to two hundred and fifty dollars a month, and no board to pay. Two months of his wages would pay a preachers salary for a year. Now some of us were left disconsolate. We could not get on the river at least our parents would not let us. † This tells us the culture in which the boys lived and how they handled situations. Next the final point in realism; an example from the text is, â€Å"Come! turn out! And then he left. I could not understand this extraordinary procedure; so I presently gave up trying to, and dozed off to sleep. Pretty soon the watchman was back again, and this time he was gruff. I was annoyed. I said:What do you want to come bothering around here in the middle of the night for. Now as like as not Ill not get to sleep again to-night. The watchman said Well, if this ant good, Im blest. The off-watch was just turning in, and I heard some brutal laughter from them, and such remarks as Hello, watchman! ant the new cub turned out yet? Hes delicate, likely. Give him some sugar in a rag and send for the chambermaid to sing rock-a-by-baby to him. † Continuing with, â€Å"This manner jolted me. I was down at the foot again, in a moment. But I had to say just what I had said before. Well, youre a smart one, said Mr. Bixby. Whats the name of the NEXT point? Once more I didnt know. Well, this beats anything. Tell me the name of ANY point or place I told you. I studied a while and decided that I couldnt. Look here! What do you start out from, above Twelve-Mile Point, to cross over? II dont know. Youyoudont know? mimicking my drawling manner of speech. What DO you know? â€Å"II nothing, for certain. † This example provides detailed speech of how people of that time talked. Humor was very prominent in Twain’s work and it shows in this quote, â€Å"WHEN I was a boy, there was but one permanent ambition among my comrades in our village on the west bank of the Mississippi River. That was, to be a steamboatman. We had transient ambitions of other sorts, but they were only transient. 2. â€Å"When a circus came and went, it left us all burning to become clowns; the first negro minstrel show that came to our section left us all suffering to try that kind of life; now and then we had a hope that if we lived and were good, God would permit us to be pirates. These ambitions faded out, each in its turn; but the ambition to be a steamboatman always remained. This shows the humor in Twain’s work. Additionally, this also shows humor, â€Å"I soon discovered two things. One was that a vessel would not be likely to sail for the mouth of the Amazon under ten or twelve years; and the other was that the nine or ten dollars still left in my pocket would not suffice for so imposing an exploration as I had planned, even if I could afford to wait for a ship. Therefore, it followed that I must contrive a new career. † 3. â€Å"The Paul Jones was now bound for St. Louis. I planned a siege against my pilot, and at the end of three hard days he surrendered. He agreed to teach me the Mississippi River from New Orleans to St. Louis for five hundred dollars, payable out of the first wages I should receive after graduating. I entered upon the small enterprise of learning twelve or thirteen hundred miles of the great Mississippi River with the easy confidence of my time of life. If I had really known what I was about to require of my faculties, I should not have had the courage to begin. I supposed that all a pilot had to do was to keep his boat in the river, and I did not consider that that could be much of a trick, since it was so wide. † This shows his humor because of the situations and thought process of the character. He uses exaggeration in these comments, â€Å"Give him some sugar in a rag and send for the chambermaid to sing rock-a-by-baby to him. This example is acceptable because in Mark Twain’s work he creates his characters to speak exaggeratedly when they could easily say something simple and quickly understood. Furthermore, another exaggeration is, Here, take her; shave those steamships as close as youd peel an apple. Examples of understatements in his work are, â€Å"Mr. Bixby was close behind, commenting. Here was something freshthis thing of getting up in the middle of the night to go to work. It was a detail in piloting that had never occurred to me at all. † Additionally, another one is, â€Å"It seemed to me that I had put my life in the keeping of a peculiarly reckless outcast. † Twain’s attitude toward God is rejecting his sovereignty and judges him as being unjust and unruly. Twain also judges the church and other religious authorities as being strict, unmerciful, and unable to allow change that hinders what they think is right. One example of emphasis on the individual is, â€Å"The ministers son became an engineer. The doctors and the post-masters sons became mud clerks; the wholesale liquor dealers son became a barkeeper on a boat; four sons of the chief merchant, and two sons of the county judge, became pilots. Pilot was the grandest position of all. † This represents transcendentalism by all the sons rejecting their father’s legacy and finding their own. Rejection of traditional authority is very prominent in Twain’s story and example of it is, â€Å"We could not get on the riverat least our parents would not let us. So by and by I ran away. Finally the last point in transcendentalism is reached, living a life attuned to nature; examples for this in Twain’s writing are, â€Å"WHAT with lying on the rocks four days at Louisville, and some other delays, the poor old Paul Jones fooled away about two weeks in making the voyage from Cincinnati to New Orleans. This gave me a chance to get acquainted with one of the pilots, and he taught me how to steer the boat, and thus made the fascination of river life more potent than ever for me. † Additionally, another one is, â€Å"I entered upon the small enterprise of learning twelve or thirteen hundred miles of the great Mississippi River with the easy confidence of my time of life. †