Application Paper Organizational Communication Theory

December 2, 2015 Alethea Hong Chan COM 314 Organizational Theory Dr. Horowitz Alethea Hong Chan COM 314 Organizational Communication Theory Dr. Horowitz December 2, 2015 Application paper Identified by consumers the most recognizable brand in the real estate field, Century 21 West Coast Brokers is a real estate agency aiming to provide brand marks, generate people-oriented organization, as well as communicative and innovative technologies. I work as an administrative assistant as I create advertisements and perform marketing tasks in helping to lease and sell our office properties. Working as a real estate administrative assistant, I am fortunate to have the opportunity to interact with a variety of people at†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"In a very basic sense, we grow up learning about what work means† (Miller, 2014, p.121). Even when similar background like this may be relatable, it is natural and necessary for me to go through the first stage of socialization- anticipatory stage. Anticipatory socialization is the socialization process that occurs before newcomers enter the organization. Going through job searching processes, I am able to learn about C entury 21 West Coast Brokers itself as a company, along with its mission goals and core values. As I apply for this specific job position, it is when I first learn about the requirement of my job responsibility. I may be confused and worried that this may not be the right and best job for me, because I still do not have a clear direction and feeling for what this job is going to be like. As mentioned in the book, interviews are served as recruiting and screening tool, information-gathering tool, and socialization tool. I am fortunate to have received a call for an interview where it has given me an opportunity to see a realistic picture of the company itself as well as to ease my uncertainty by asking questions during the interview. The second stage, encounter phase, occurs when I was hired and began working at Century 21 West Coast Brokers. â€Å"Louis describes the encounter experience as one of change, contrast, and surprise, and she argues that the newcomer must workShow MoreRelatedStrategic Leadership : A Successful Or Unsuccessful Church And Ministry1638 Words   |  7 Pagesunsuccessful church and ministry. Strategic leadership not only requires a strategic plan for the future, but also a strategic plan for the present. This research paper contains an in-depth look at the necessary demand to balance short-term and long-term needs and plans in strategic leadership, which is developed from organizational theory, leadership theory and Scripture. This issue in strategically leadership will then be applied to Grace Church and ministry to families. 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Essay about The Media’s Effect on Adolescent Bodies

The Media’s Effect on Adolescent Bodies The stringent standard Barbie-doll proportions of body image and what is considered beautiful in today’s media has resulted in devastating effects on adolescent women. The images displayed of women who have long beautiful legs, thin waist lines and smooth flawless skin are very hard to ignore. Throughout history the female body has been on display as a selling tool to coerce people into buying that new fancy car or the latest new appliance that can make their everyday lives easier. Commercials of the extremely thin Kelly Ripa can act as a mantra of what a modern day picture perfect house wife should look like standing beside her magical ovens and washing machines. There are also constant ads on†¦show more content†¦In her book The Beauty Myth, Naomi Wolf criticizes the media and its negative effects on women by stating that every woman should be allowed the choice to do whatever we want with our faces and bodies without being punished by an ideology that is using atti tudes, economic pressure, and even legal judgments regarding womens appearance to undermine us psychologically and politically (10). Some of the most common negative effects that young girls are experiencing are physical, emotional, and social. The physical effect s that the media has on a young girl’s overall beauty and body image are staggering. Many young girls put their bodies through painful physical transformations. They want to look just like their favorite celebrities or to fit into the latest fashion trends and appeal to the media’s idea of what the opposite sex wants them to look like. 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Life on the Mississippi free essay sample

After all these years I can picture that old time to myself now, just as it was then: the white town drowsing in the sunshine of a summers morning; the streets empty, or pretty nearly so; one or two clerks sitting in front of the Water Street stores, with their splint-bottomed chairs tilted back against the wall, chins on breasts, hats slouched over their faces, asleep with shingle-shavings enough around to show what broke them down; A sow and a litter of pigs loafing along the sidewalk, doing a good business in watermelon rinds and seeds; two or three lonely little freight piles scattered about the levee; a pile of skids on the slope of the stone-paved wharf, and the fragrant town drunkard asleep in the shadow of them; two or three wood flats at the head of the wharf, but nobody to listen to the peaceful lapping of the wavelets against them; the great Mississippi, the majestic, the magnificent Mississippi, rolling its mile-wide tide along, shining in the sun; the dense forest away on the other side; the point above the town, and the point below, bounding the river-glimpse and turning it into a sort of sea, and withal a very still and brilliant and lonely one. Presently a film of dark smoke appears above one of those remote points; instantly a negro drayman, famous for his quick eye and prodigious voice, lifts up the cry, S-t-e-a-m-boat a-comin! and the scene changes! The town drunkard stirs, the clerks wake up, a furious clatter of drays follows, every house and store pours out a human contribution, and all in a twinkling the dead town is alive and moving. † This perfectly describes the setting in which young boys would live. Next is keen awareness of culture, or â€Å"local flavor† and an example of this in the story is, â€Å"Boy after boy managed to get on the river. The ministers son became an engineer. The doctors and the post-masters sons became mud clerks; the wholesale liquor dealers son became a barkeeper on a boat; four sons of the chief merchant, and two sons of the county judge, became pilots. Pilot was the grandest position of all. The pilot, even in those days of trivial wages, had a princely salaryfrom a hundred and fifty to two hundred and fifty dollars a month, and no board to pay. Two months of his wages would pay a preachers salary for a year. Now some of us were left disconsolate. We could not get on the river at least our parents would not let us. † This tells us the culture in which the boys lived and how they handled situations. Next the final point in realism; an example from the text is, â€Å"Come! turn out! And then he left. I could not understand this extraordinary procedure; so I presently gave up trying to, and dozed off to sleep. Pretty soon the watchman was back again, and this time he was gruff. I was annoyed. I said:What do you want to come bothering around here in the middle of the night for. Now as like as not Ill not get to sleep again to-night. The watchman said Well, if this ant good, Im blest. The off-watch was just turning in, and I heard some brutal laughter from them, and such remarks as Hello, watchman! ant the new cub turned out yet? Hes delicate, likely. Give him some sugar in a rag and send for the chambermaid to sing rock-a-by-baby to him. † Continuing with, â€Å"This manner jolted me. I was down at the foot again, in a moment. But I had to say just what I had said before. Well, youre a smart one, said Mr. Bixby. Whats the name of the NEXT point? Once more I didnt know. Well, this beats anything. Tell me the name of ANY point or place I told you. I studied a while and decided that I couldnt. Look here! What do you start out from, above Twelve-Mile Point, to cross over? II dont know. Youyoudont know? mimicking my drawling manner of speech. What DO you know? â€Å"II nothing, for certain. † This example provides detailed speech of how people of that time talked. Humor was very prominent in Twain’s work and it shows in this quote, â€Å"WHEN I was a boy, there was but one permanent ambition among my comrades in our village on the west bank of the Mississippi River. That was, to be a steamboatman. We had transient ambitions of other sorts, but they were only transient. 2. â€Å"When a circus came and went, it left us all burning to become clowns; the first negro minstrel show that came to our section left us all suffering to try that kind of life; now and then we had a hope that if we lived and were good, God would permit us to be pirates. These ambitions faded out, each in its turn; but the ambition to be a steamboatman always remained. This shows the humor in Twain’s work. Additionally, this also shows humor, â€Å"I soon discovered two things. One was that a vessel would not be likely to sail for the mouth of the Amazon under ten or twelve years; and the other was that the nine or ten dollars still left in my pocket would not suffice for so imposing an exploration as I had planned, even if I could afford to wait for a ship. Therefore, it followed that I must contrive a new career. † 3. â€Å"The Paul Jones was now bound for St. Louis. I planned a siege against my pilot, and at the end of three hard days he surrendered. He agreed to teach me the Mississippi River from New Orleans to St. Louis for five hundred dollars, payable out of the first wages I should receive after graduating. I entered upon the small enterprise of learning twelve or thirteen hundred miles of the great Mississippi River with the easy confidence of my time of life. If I had really known what I was about to require of my faculties, I should not have had the courage to begin. I supposed that all a pilot had to do was to keep his boat in the river, and I did not consider that that could be much of a trick, since it was so wide. † This shows his humor because of the situations and thought process of the character. He uses exaggeration in these comments, â€Å"Give him some sugar in a rag and send for the chambermaid to sing rock-a-by-baby to him. This example is acceptable because in Mark Twain’s work he creates his characters to speak exaggeratedly when they could easily say something simple and quickly understood. Furthermore, another exaggeration is, Here, take her; shave those steamships as close as youd peel an apple. Examples of understatements in his work are, â€Å"Mr. Bixby was close behind, commenting. Here was something freshthis thing of getting up in the middle of the night to go to work. It was a detail in piloting that had never occurred to me at all. † Additionally, another one is, â€Å"It seemed to me that I had put my life in the keeping of a peculiarly reckless outcast. † Twain’s attitude toward God is rejecting his sovereignty and judges him as being unjust and unruly. Twain also judges the church and other religious authorities as being strict, unmerciful, and unable to allow change that hinders what they think is right. One example of emphasis on the individual is, â€Å"The ministers son became an engineer. The doctors and the post-masters sons became mud clerks; the wholesale liquor dealers son became a barkeeper on a boat; four sons of the chief merchant, and two sons of the county judge, became pilots. Pilot was the grandest position of all. † This represents transcendentalism by all the sons rejecting their father’s legacy and finding their own. Rejection of traditional authority is very prominent in Twain’s story and example of it is, â€Å"We could not get on the riverat least our parents would not let us. So by and by I ran away. Finally the last point in transcendentalism is reached, living a life attuned to nature; examples for this in Twain’s writing are, â€Å"WHAT with lying on the rocks four days at Louisville, and some other delays, the poor old Paul Jones fooled away about two weeks in making the voyage from Cincinnati to New Orleans. This gave me a chance to get acquainted with one of the pilots, and he taught me how to steer the boat, and thus made the fascination of river life more potent than ever for me. † Additionally, another one is, â€Å"I entered upon the small enterprise of learning twelve or thirteen hundred miles of the great Mississippi River with the easy confidence of my time of life. †

Romeo and Juliet Coursework -Felicity Weston Essay Example

Romeo and Juliet Coursework -Felicity Weston Essay Throughout the course of the play the character of Juliet changes dramatically. Juliet evolves from a quiet girl who knows little of the world or her place in it, into a strong-willed, defiant woman willing to risk her life for the man she loves. Juliet quickly develops into a woman who lets her heart lead her head and is persistent in getting to where she wants to be. She goes through many changes during a fascinatingly short period of time, where her moods, thoughts and feelings all alter. The language used in Romeo and Juliet is extremely effective to the audience or readers of the play. Shakespeare uses carefully chosen words, rhythms and styles, to create the atmosphere he wants. He does this in a style which means they can be interpreted in many different ways. The play is based upon two characters, the love they have for each other, the problems they go through and how they mature and develop. Before Juliet meets Romeo her attitude towards love and marriage is completely different to her feelings after she has met him. When we are first introduced to Juliet in Act 1 Scene 3 she says very little and appears insular and distant. Her responses are short and to the point with no evidence of flowery language, particularly when the subject of marriage is brought up. She sees marriage as, an honour that I dream not of. We learn that Juliet is an airy character, who is unsure of what she wants in life. She feels she is far too young to marry, which are the feelings of her father exactly. It is clear that there is a distinct lack of communication between Juliet and her mother. She is not very attached, close or friendly to Lady Capulet. Lady Capulet uses the nurse as a go-between, Nurse, wheres my daughter? Call her forth to me. We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet Coursework -Felicity Weston specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet Coursework -Felicity Weston specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet Coursework -Felicity Weston specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The nurse being her main mother figure, clearly adores Juliet, I bade her come. What, lamb! What ladybird! God forbid! Wheres that girl? What Juliet! There is evidence here of Juliets emotional state as the nurse still sees her as a child and litters her response to Lady Capulet with childish terms of endearment. However the nurse, is very caring and concerned for Juliets welfare, and is the only person who knows virtually everything about her. We are also told that Juliet is rather isolated, therefore lacking of friends, leaving her only real friend as the nurse. Juliet is a highly desirable, well-educated, religious young woman, who is portrayed as having a very confused state of mind. Act 1 Scene 5 consists of Romeo and Juliets first meeting at the Capulets feast. The whole scene is quite breathtaking and anyone who has ever experienced something close to Love at first sight would recognise the symptoms of breathlessness, excitement and a longing to speak the lines of a poet. Quite suddenly there is a point to life. Juliet is taken aback with Romeos romantic approach and when he offers his hand to hers, she likens it to a palmers kiss, a reference to the pilgrims who made long journeys to the shrines of the Holy land and brought back palm leaves as proof of their visits. For saints have hands that pilgrims hands to touch, and palm to palm is holy palmers kiss. This whole scene, whether read, seen at the theatre or on film, strongly conveys the concept of love at first sight. Juliet reveals her emotional state when Romeo is leaving. Go, ask his nameif he be married, my grave is like to be my wedding-bed. On first seeing Juliet at the feast Romeo loves her from the very first moment. She, in turn falls instantly in love with him. This moment in time is completely electrifying for them both. Juliet being a very religious young woman would obviously take to Romeo through the speech he uses towards her. He uses words such as profane, sin, devotion, faith, trespass and pilgrims, portraying to Juliet that he is also highly in favour of religion. The language the two new found lovers use matches each others to a certain extent. Juliet speaks just as much as Romeo, which portrays a certain change already, for when we first met Juliet she was a very quiet, timid girl. Romeo acts very charmingly towards Juliet, wanting to kiss her, paying her compliments and putting himself down, If I profane with my unworthiest hand However, Juliet acts in a more mature and self-controlled manner, Good pilgrim, you do wrong your hands too much Romeo proves to be very persistent and flattering, leaving Juliet no choice but to let him get his way. Juliet thinks Romeo follows a book in his actions, You kiss by thbook. When they fell in love what they did not realise was that they were supposed, loathed enemies. The moment Juliet discovers the true identity of Romeo she realises My only love sprung from my only hate! She is devastated and extremely distressed at finding out what has happened to her. Already Juliet talks about love and marriage, so from declaring in Act 1 Scene 3 her disposition to be married as, an honour she dreams not of; Juliet is now offering a sincere declaration of love. During Act 2 scene 2 the use of contrasts forms a completely different view of Juliet. Whilst the nurse meets with Romeo, Juliet waits very impatiently for her return and the news she will bring. As she waits she begins a soliloquy, The clock struck nine when I did send the nurse; In half an hour she promised to return O, she is lame! Loves heralds should be thoughts, Which ten minutes faster glides than the suns beams, Driving back shadows over louring hills Juliet is incredibly desperate to find out how Romeo feels about her at this point in time, for she has only recently met him for the first time. The way she uses contrasts between light and dark, shows her impatience and confusion. There are considerable movements in Juliets language. Shakespeare seems to increase dramatic tension by portraying Juliets increasing impatience to learn the news the nurse will bring, and then again when the nurse uses all kinds of methods to delay telling her. At the beginning of the play we saw her language as being very direct, her language now has evolved to being very philosophical. Throughout the soliloquy at the beginning of the scene I noticed how she switched from her flowery, dreamy language to strong, powerful language. When the nurse returns, Juliet immediately begins asking questions. This scene shows Juliets immature side, by the incredible amount of punctuation used in her speech. As the nurse arrives she does not greet her, which she normally undoubtedly would have, but bombards her with her urgent questions. Shakespeare proves to use comically effective language when after her nurse uses the excuse of being too out of breath to tell her the news she has brought, Juliet says: How art thou out of breath when though hast breath To say to me that thou art out of breath Juliet is unbelievably anxious to hear what has been said, that she will not let the nurse rest. She is increasingly frustrated by the nurses irrelevant replies, at last she hears the longed-for news: Romeo waits to marry her at Friar Lawrences cell. We detect a considerable change in Juliets behaviour. At the beginning of the play Juliet was very polite to her nurse and her parents, but despite being so close to her nurse we see her in an erratic state of mind and is very spiteful, cruel and selfish towards her nurse. The very aspect of this makes me think what love is turning her into. Juliets language throughout this scene changes from her deep soliloquy to monosyllabic and simple words when her nurse comes home, her language returns to how it was at the beginning of the play, direct and blunt. Juliets desperation is shown by her expression and the varying types of words she uses; she uses commands, talking at the nurse rather than to her. She also uses interrogatives when the nur se frustrates her by her constant mocking. This scene shows a lot about the relationship Juliet and her nurse hold, despite Juliet seeming rude and insistent, the nurse is blatantly teasing her, and the scene is purely comical. Act 3 is the turning point of the play; the deaths of both Mercuito and Tybalt change everything. Romeo finds out his punishment for killing Tybalt is banishment from Verona. When Juliet learns that Tybalt is dead and Romeo banished, she begins to accuse Romeo of seeming beautiful but acting vilely, but then rebukes the nurse for wishing shame on Romeo. From this we see the confusion and switch of emotion going through Juliets head. Act 3, scene 5 shows Romeo and Juliet after their wedding night together. Juliet tries to persuade Romeo that it is not yet dawn, and not yet time for him to leave her. At first he says he must go, but then resolves to stay and face capture and death. This scene is a very important scene for Juliet because it shows the beginning of her betrayal to her family, and then how the nurse turns her back on Juliet and betrays her. Before Romeo leaves they act in a very mature manner, in both the way they speak and act. This scene is the last time they see each other alive, and I think they subconsciously knew that that might be the case. The names they call each other express their love for one another: love, lord, and my soul. The way they try to hold on to their last moments for as long as possible shows just how much they mean to each other. However, realisation is also a form of maturity, and this is shown as they realise they cannot fight against time any longer. When Romeo had left, Juliets mother came to inform her of her arranged marriage to Paris. Juliets mood quickly switches from depression to anger. As her mother enters the room Juliet is crying, because she was unaware of the circumstances, she automatically thought her tears to be for her cousin. Indeed, I never shall be satisfied With Romeo, till I behold him dead Is my poor heart so for a kinsman vexd This speech holds a double meaning, so can be seen in two different ways. Lady Capulet will be thinking she is saying I shall never be satisfied until I behold Romeo dead. However, Juliet is actually saying I shall never be satisfied until I behold him. Dead is my poor heart vexed. Shakespeares phrasing here is very cleverly done. Juliet is insistent that her mother cannot find out about her marriage to Romeo but the last thing she wants is to speak badly of him. We see just how her love for Romeo is influencing Juliet, she has begun to deceive and lie to her parents. Her defiance can only expand from here. In turning down the offer of marriage to Paris Juliet says: I will not marry yet; and when I do, I swear, It shall be Romeo, who you know I hate, Rather than Paris. Again she is showing hatred towards Romeo to her mother, as an example of how much she does not want to marry Paris. This whole issue portrays a new side to Juliets character, she decides upon her beliefs rather than to let her parents dominate as they used to. She speaks in an aggressive tone, which we never heard from Juliet before she fell in love. After being dismissed by her father, saying Hang thee, young baggage, disobedient wretch! I tell thee what: get thee to church aThursday, Or never after look me in the face By this we see what a towering rage Capulet flies into after hearing of Juliets refusal to marry Paris. His threats and insults break her down, but not enough to turn her back on her beliefs. Instead she tries to turn to her mother for support, O sweet mother, cast me not away! Delay this marriage for a month, a week; Or, if you do not, make the bridal bed In that dim monument where Tybalt lies. We see from this that Juliet and her mother have a very false relationship, Juliet is desperate for reassurance and both her father and mother dismiss her. She realises that the nurse is her only direction for source of support: O God O nurse, how shall this be prevented? Juliets last expectation is that the nurse will also dismiss her, so immediately indulges herself into an inflexible self-sorrow. Her words show she is in need of comfort and reassurance: What sayst thou? Hast thou not a word of joy/. Some comfort, nurse? The nurse said nothing since Lady Capulet left the room, leaving Juliet uncertain why her nurse, her only friend has not tried comforting her in any way. Juliets sudden bombardment of questions shows how reliant she is on her nurse, and that she is still quite immature in this way, and not ready to face the world on her own. The nurse decides to turn her back on Juliets feelings and tells her she thinks she should marry Paris, because with Romeo being banished means he is basically dead. This is the very last thing Juliet wanted to hear, it now becomes clear in her head that she is alone, and has no one now. Juliet is astounded at the change in her nurse, and realises she cannot tell her anything from now on. From the Nurses behaviour and advice Juliet is left distraught, surprised, feels like her only real friend in life is turning against her, and she is unaware of the reason why. Juliet is feeling the pressures now, being alone. Her dad is furious; she feels she will only have a home if she marries Paris. Not only are her parents threatening her, but also her religion adds to her dilemma. She recognises that only by Romeos death can she sincerely take a faithful vow to marry Paris. Act 5 Scene 3 is the scene in which Juliet wakes to find Romeos dead body. When she does this her attitude appears to be one of calm acceptance as if she always knew that their relationship was ill fated and would come to this. In this scene as Friar Lawrence pleads with her to leave, for the watch is coming, she courageously stands her ground, wanting to stay with her lover. Go get thee hence, for I will not away. Whilst the act of finding Romeos dead body may temporarily have unbalanced her mind, she appears very practical. Her language is purposeful, strong and single-minded, searching for a way to join her lover in death. Indeed, on discovering that Romeo took poison, she hastily takes the cup, O churl, drunk all, and left no friendly drop to help me after. Once again, her language shows a maturity far beyond her fourteen years and this is further supported when with detached emotion she declares, O happy dagger, this is thy sheath, and stabs herself. The way she gives her life f or him without a thought proves her love can only be true, and just shows the extent of her love. Throughout the play, Shakespeare continually chooses language, which takes us on a journey with Juliet. From an introverted child who was still strongly guided by her nurse and only spoke when spoken to, she developed into a strong-willed woman who surrendered everything for love, including her family and ultimately, her life. Her passion for Romeo knew no bounds and as the play develops, Shakespeare conveys the change in Juliet by the clever use of language. Personally I find it difficult to comprehend Juliet as someone to admire, bearing in mind her ultimate demise, but I do envy her single-minded passion for Romeo. I cannot condone any form of suicide, even if it is a love pact, and I found their deaths such a prodigious waste when they both had their whole lives in front of them. I am not sure that love at first sight is a real phenomenon but Shakespeare, again through the use of Juliets language, certainly had me believing that it was possible. With the endless oxymorons, metaphors and similes for imagery, repetition and puns Shakespeare managed to convey the change in Juliets character amazingly. He manages to portray the despair, joy, confusion and understanding that they feel, as well as their love for each other. I believe that one of the main reasons that this play has been so successful is the fact that many of the emotions we experience today are covered.

Free Essays on Popular Music And Its Effect On Society

Popular Music and its Effect on Today’s Society In today’s society the teenager has more rights than ever before. Along with these rights come responsibility, independence and the development of good judgment. It is the belief of many people that all of the afore mentioned qualities are destroyed in the lives of teens due to popular music. Today, pop music remains one of the most controversial issues in modern society. Because adolescences are seen as being highly impressionable their negative actions are constantly being evaluated and traced back to sources of culture, and since pop music plays such a huge role in the lives of most teens, it is an easy target to place the blame. The criticism of popular music begins with the â€Å"rock star†. Many will argue that teens who are struggling to fit into society see rock stars as idols . One main reason that this occurs is because of the accessibility of what these rock stars are publishing. Think of all the things that teenagers have in front of them everyday; radio, television, clothing, billboard advertisements, etc. all of which are covered with popular musicians. Because of their tremendous presence, teens begin to perceive rock stars as extravagant people with no boundaries, limits or regulations. Teens then see themselves in the rock stars presentation of themselves and develop an obsession to conform. This helps to pose the question of why teens are the most likely to get wrapped up in the pop music world. While there are millions of reasons, the main ones have to do with the fact that the teenage years are such a critical point of growing up. It is the first age in most people’s lives where independence is theirs and this causes desperation for something new to be controlled by. Teens are most susceptible to manipulation by rock stars because most of these stars are still teenagers themselves, so they are easy to relate to. In fact, some bands are only related to by ... Free Essays on Popular Music And Its Effect On Society Free Essays on Popular Music And Its Effect On Society Popular Music and its Effect on Today’s Society In today’s society the teenager has more rights than ever before. Along with these rights come responsibility, independence and the development of good judgment. It is the belief of many people that all of the afore mentioned qualities are destroyed in the lives of teens due to popular music. Today, pop music remains one of the most controversial issues in modern society. Because adolescences are seen as being highly impressionable their negative actions are constantly being evaluated and traced back to sources of culture, and since pop music plays such a huge role in the lives of most teens, it is an easy target to place the blame. The criticism of popular music begins with the â€Å"rock star†. Many will argue that teens who are struggling to fit into society see rock stars as idols . One main reason that this occurs is because of the accessibility of what these rock stars are publishing. Think of all the things that teenagers have in front of them everyday; radio, television, clothing, billboard advertisements, etc. all of which are covered with popular musicians. Because of their tremendous presence, teens begin to perceive rock stars as extravagant people with no boundaries, limits or regulations. Teens then see themselves in the rock stars presentation of themselves and develop an obsession to conform. This helps to pose the question of why teens are the most likely to get wrapped up in the pop music world. While there are millions of reasons, the main ones have to do with the fact that the teenage years are such a critical point of growing up. It is the first age in most people’s lives where independence is theirs and this causes desperation for something new to be controlled by. Teens are most susceptible to manipulation by rock stars because most of these stars are still teenagers themselves, so they are easy to relate to. In fact, some bands are only related to by ...

The Chinese Zodiac in Mandarin

The Chinese Zodiac in Mandarin The Chinese Zodiac is known as 生è‚â€" (shÄ“ngxio) in Mandarin Chinese. The Chinese Zodiac is based on a 12-year cycle, with each year represented by an animal. The 12-year cycle of the Chinese Zodiac is based on the traditional Chinese lunar calendar. In this calendar, the first day of the year usually falls on the second new moon after the winter solstice. On New Years day, we enter a new Chinese zodiac cycle, which follows this order: Rat - é ¼   - shÇ”Ox - 牛 - nià ºTiger - 虎 - hÇ”Rabbit - å…” - tà ¹Dragon - é ¾  - là ³ngSnake - 蛇 - shà ©Horse - é ¦ ¬ / é © ¬ - mÇŽRam - ç ¾Å  - yngMonkey - çÅ' ´ - hà ³uChicken - 雞 / é ¸ ¡ - jÄ «Dog - ç‹â€" - gÇ’uPig - è ± ¬ / çÅ' ª - zhÃ… « As with many Chinese traditions, there is a story attached to the types of animals and the order they appear in the Chinese Zodiac. The Jade Emperor (玉皇 - Yà ¹ Hung), according to Chinese myth, governs all of heaven and earth. He was so busy ruling the universe that he had no time to visit earth. He wished to know what the animals of earth looked like, so he invited them all to his heavenly palace for a banquet. The cat was fond of sleeping but did not want to miss the banquet, so he asked his friend the rat to be sure to wake him on the day of the banquet. The rat, however, was jealous of the cats beauty and was afraid of being judged ugly by the Jade Emperor, so he let the cat sleep. As the animals arrived in heaven, the Jade Emperor was so impressed with them that he decided to give each one their own year, arranged by the order they had arrived. The cat, of course, had missed the banquet and was furious with the rat for letting him sleep, and that is why rats and cats are enemies to this day. Qualities Of The Chinese Zodiac Signs Just the like Western zodiac, the Chinese zodiac attributes personality qualities to each of the 12 animal signs. These are often derived from observations about how animals behave and also come from the story of how the animals traveled to the Jade Emperors banquet. The dragon, for example, could have been the first to arrive at the banquet, since he could fly. But he stopped to help some villagers and then helped the rabbit on his way. So those born in the year of the dragon are described as being interested in the world and willing to give a helping hand. The rat, on the other hand, arrived at the banquet by hitching a ride on the ox. Just as the ox arrived at the palace, the rat stuck his nose forward, so was the first to arrive. Those born in the year of the rat are described as shrewd and manipulative, traits which can also be drawn from the story of the rat and the cat. Here is a brief summary of qualities associated with each sign of the Chinese zodiac: Rat - é ¼   - shÇ” forthright, generous, outgoing, loves money, hates waste Ox - 牛 - nià º calm, dependable, obstinate, reliable, proud, and can be uncompromising Tiger - 虎 - hÇ” loving, giving, optimistic, idealistic, stubborn, self-centered, emotional Rabbit - å…” - tà ¹ careful, systematic, considerate, can be indifferent, temperamental, shrewd Dragon - é ¾  - là ³ng strong, energetic, proud, confident, but can be illogical and obsessive.   Snake - 蛇 - shà © intellectual, superstitious, independent, private, cautious, suspicious Horse - é ¦ ¬ / é © ¬ - mÇŽ cheerful, lively, impulsive, manipulative, friendly, self-reliant Ram - ç ¾Å  - yng good-natured, timid, emotional, pessimistic, mild, forgiving Monkey - çÅ' ´ - hà ³u successful, charming, crafty, can be dishonest, self-centered, inquisitive Chicken - 雞 / é ¸ ¡ - jÄ « conservative, aggressive, decisive, logical, can be overly critical Dog - ç‹â€" - gÇ’u clever, willing to help others, open-minded, practical, can be belligerent Pig - è ± ¬ / çÅ' ª - zhÃ… « brave, trustworthy, patient, diplomatic, can be hot-tempered

Oil, Iraq and U.S. Foreign Policy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Oil, Iraq and U.S. Foreign Policy - Term Paper Example The Bush administration used the fear of terrorism as a political tool to garner public and congressional support for the invasion of Afghanistan, the country where the infamous Al Qaeda architect Osama bin Laden was thought to be hiding. Bush quickly thereafter justified sending the bulk of the military to Iraq because it was also a terrorist threat because of its massive stockpiles of ‘weapons of mass destruction.’ Of the 13 terrorists linked with the 9-11 attacks, nine were from Saudi Arabia (none from Iraq) who obtained passports from Iran and took orders from an Afghanistan-based organization. No weapons, no link to terrorism and no legal reason to attack. However, Bush decided to invade Iraq for causes deemed unacceptable to the vast majority of other nations so he repeatedly relied on and used false information to justify it. He lied. This discussion will examine how the truth was a casualty early and often during the lead up to the war and outlines some of the co nsequences brought about by these far-reaching and deadly deceptions. The U.S. justified its invasion and occupation of Iraq to the nations of the world by proclaiming, if not proving, that it was a mission to remove weapons of mass destruction which threatened not only the U.S. but all other nations as well. Secretary of State Colin Powell and other administration officials, particularly with the U.S. Department of State, eagerly endeavored to state their rationale for aggressive military actions and make it as palatable to as many other countries as they could. Deputy Secretary of Defense Paul Wolfowitz is quoted in an interview with Vanity Fair magazine dated May 28, 2003, as saying â€Å"For bureaucratic reasons, we settled on one issue, weapons of mass destruction† (Shovelan, 2003).

Organization Development and Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Organization Development and Change - Essay Example Employees may not talk about these principles every day, but they reflect on these values when there are issues at work. In a way, employees judge the organization’s performance against its values. Should there be changes made to an organization, one of the first things that the employees would do is analyze if the process and result of the proposed changes would be aligned with cultural principles. If it does, the employees will acquiesce. If it does not, they will certainly complain and not cooperate. If they have doubts, they will voice it out and challenge the company as what happened with IBM. (Cummings, T. & Worley. C., 2008) In the reading, culture was used to facilitate merger and acquisition integration processes when the CEO epitomized the newly-established values of the company. The CEO trusted first and second level managers with a certain amount of money to spend on activities that would promote productiveness, eliminating the delays caused by going through finance departments and getting approvals. By promoting cultural principles, the CEO was able to encourage the employees to revisit their opinion of the company and adjust their behavior. As such more opportunities were made available to the IBM and the company effectively transitioned from their past beliefs and practices to the new ones. As manifested in the reading, cultural change started from the CEO and the strategies and decisions he made to steer the organization towards the much needed change. As one of the studies conducted in the field has discovered, leadership greatly influences the outcome of cultural change. (Heidrich, B., 2002) The same study listed being role models, making decisions that directly influence the value system, and practicing efficient methods of decision-making as possible ways a leader can change a company’s culture. The use of

Carol Ann Duffys anthology Mean Time Essay Example for Free

Carol Ann Duffys anthology Mean Time Essay Carol Ann Duffys anthology Mean Time is littered with references to the past. With the title Mean Time in its self referring to time in an ambiguous ways, like Greenwhich mean time, or time associated with angry emotions. The most common interpretation being that the characters represented in many of Mean Times poems as in between two states, past and present. The characters are trapped, escaping, or reminiscing about past times retrospectively from a present time. Much of there past is what is now influencing there present situation or state of mind and Duffy accentuates this factor by being explicit and drawing attention to language that would draw a conclusion to that notion. The Captain of the 1964 Top of the Form Team is a 1960s quiz show between competing teams of school children who, representing their school and in school uniform, would answer general knowledge questions in front of an audience of school children. The individually competitive suggestion of the name of the show individual competition was emphasized in the education system of the 50s and 60s (it would not be unusual for a class to be sat in their rank order according to the last set of exams) and it precedes the change to a comprehensive system. This competitive tone, the sense of a hierarchy, is an important element in the poem. This poem questions the romantic view of the past forming a persona to there present as he characterises his children as his thick kids and his wife as stale. He ambiguously illustrates his past in that he want it back, The Captain. The captain is a symbol of his youth and past in that he wants it back but its so isolated and remote that he cant obtain it and only exists as memories in his mind. The comparison between the first six stanzass representing the past and the last stanza representing the present exhibits a barrier between the two. The constant music references mentioned within the poem to past artists and songs reflects the rich memories that are illustrated to the reader, by appealing to more senses, the eyes and hears. Duffys purpose for inclusion of these songs is not only that they are connected to the time period and create a richer spectacle but they clearly reveal the more desired time period of the character, showing him to feel nostalgia. We see the nostalgia form as he describes his family and current situation in the last stanza previously discussed. Carol Ann Duffys dramatic monologue The Suicide provides an intriguing insight into the forces of the past having an effect on a situation in the present. This poem establishes how the past and present are interconnectivly dependant on each other. This is explained as, without a past of experience and events that shape u as a person there can be no present effects. This notion is also reversed in that without a present the past would never be expressed fully either emotionally or physically with no results or effects seen from past causes. The poem title explicitly provides the reader with exactly what the context of the poem is. The reasons for this is possibly to engage the reader into how is Duffy going to describe the feelings of suicide appealing to our macabre sides of personality. It is commonly thought that language fails to describe many feelings especially that of suicide. The poem analyses the nature of suicidal impulse, by letting a would-be suicide talk to us in the moments before her death. It compares with The Captain of the 1964 Top of the Form Team (The captain), as it is also a dramatic monologue but fails in comparison similarities to that poem. It does refer to the past like The Captain does, however not as explicitly. In The Suicide the reference to the past is, Kisses on a collar. Lies. Blood. The above is a strong reference to a past event of what implicitly seems to be infidelity by the partner. This is followed by short sharp sentences of Lies and Blood. These single emphasised words almost tell a complete story; the history of a relationship, written in lies. Lies that lead to blood (perhaps the blood of the suicide). There is a sense that the whole story is told in these few words. But this whole event can not be ignoring the fact that it was all triggered by a past event that is now influencing if not directly causing the present situation of suicide. The Good Teachers is one of Duffys explicit references to the past but written in present tense which instantly makes the reader form the opinion of reminiscence and living in the past letting past events form the future. We believe to be a male because of the hints to passion for female teachers, as he reveals that you love Miss Pirie. It describes his memories of his life in school as a child but most significantly how he retrospectively looks back and regrets the tom foolery that took place then and how he wasted his time in school. This forms similar themes to End of innocence about regret of the past and wants to escape it. The short sentences in the last stanza can be symbolic of time and how it speedily passed by to leave him where he is now which we never quite find out. Again a barrier is formed between the past and the present by the line But theres the wall you climb. The wall denoting the barrier between past and present and shows how the two are separate. The context before the wall line is about the past, the context of the poem after the wall line is about the present. This structure reinforces the separation of the past and present. Also this show how the past forms a barrier that forms the future and weather or not you accomplish successfully by getting over or around the barrier will have an impact on your life to come. The Captain of the 1964 Top of the Form Team, The Suicide and The Good Teachers all portray the past, but in separate ways. In The Captain the past is seen as a rich rejoicing memory, with dignity and pride at the forefront of it where the past was contrasted to the future to reinforce how commendable the past was. The nostalgia was accentuated by the language and references to his current situation of him having a stale wife and thick kids. The suicide depicts the past consuming the character and a direct cause for her present situation. The language illustrates a dyer situation and forms the opinion that suicide is not chosen, it happens when pain exceeds resources for coping with pain. It fails to by the inadequacy of language and context fully describe the emotion and direct feeling of suicide caused from the past events. It only refers to four words to describe the past, kisses on a collar. This is a classic example of the notion that the past is represented as irretrievable and irreplaceable. Also that not being able to alter the mistakes made in life will undoubtedly form the situation of present and which is suicide in this case but also that those events will characterise you for the future. The Good Teachers forms a view of the past being one of regret and wanting to escape from it. This also, like The Captain and The Suicide, forms a barrier separating the past and present by language and contrasting stanzas.

Saint Bernadette Soubirous :: essays research papers

Saint Bernadette Soubirous The Soubirous family lived in the far north of the little town of Lourdes, in the Lapaca district. A large stream flowed there, and on this stream there were seven mills; one of them known as the Boly Mill, and this had been the residence of the Soubirous. Francois Soubirous leased the mill from relatives of his wife, Louise. In many ways, it was the trade of the miller that had brought the couple together. They had married on the parish church on 9th January 1843. By 1855, the family income had decreased drastically - trade was not good at the mill, and the Soubirous were not the best of business people; often filled with pity for the poor of the local people, they would tell their customers to pay when they were able to, and they never refused credit. And of course there was the family to raise, which further drained their resources. No longer being able to pay for the rent of the mill, the Soubirous were forced to quit their dwellings, give up the millers trade and take on whatever work they could find for themselves. Francois Soubirous recalled that another relative owned a building in the Rue des Petits Fossà ©s - this building was the former Lourdes jail. The old jail was locally known as "the Cachot". The Soubirous were allowed to remain there rent-free. Each evening, the family gathered around the old fireplace for family prayers. This concluded with the recitation of the Rosary - often led by one of the Soubirous girls, Bernadette. BERNADETTE The marriage of Francois Soubirous and Louise Casterot produced six children. The eldest of these was Bernadette. She was born on 7th January 1844, and was baptized the next day by Abbà © Forgues in the old parish church, being given the name of Marie Bernarde. Because of her small stature, she was always referred to by the diminutive form of the name, Bernadette. Six months later, Louise was expecting a child; because of this, Bernadette was entrusted to the care of a woman in near-by Bartres, Marie Aravant, who had just lost a baby boy. She stayed there for 15 months. From her birth, Bernadette was a weak child, suffering even then from the asthma which would cause her so much suffering that later, in the convent, she would beg the nurses to tear open her chest so that she might breathe. Because of her delicate constitution, her parents would attempt to give her little bits of food not available to the other children, such as white bread instead of black.

Bhavnath Temple Essay

Written Analysis and Communication-I Assignment – I Case Analysis â€Å"Bhavnath Temple† Submitted On: Submitted By: 16-07-2010 Arpit Dangayach Section-A Roll No. 101114 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The problem is government’s dilemma to go with lower or higher reservoir capacity. Government’s objective is to provide economic development. It wants to increase agricultural production and generate higher revenues. Option 1, government can go for lower reservoir capacity. Option 2, government can go for higher reservoir capacity. Option 3, government can go for reduced reservoir capacity. Option 1 would save the temple. Revenues would be earned from agriculture and tourism. In option 2, temple would be submerged but higher production and revenues would be there. In option 3, lower production and revenues would be there but support of the villagers will be beneficial for future expansion. Word Count: 107 MAIN REPORT The case has been set in post independence period of India. It talks about the government’s plans for all-around economic development. In the undivided Bombay province a proposal was put forth by the government to build dams across the rivers Lokmata and Sadmata in the northern part of Gujarat. The dams were to have a capacity of 4700 million cu. ft. of water and facilitate irrigation of 92000 acres of land in 3 districts. The control levels of dams were as mentioned in exhibit 1. However construction of the dams would result in submerging of 10500 acres of land belonging to some 20 villages. Therefore the government also had the task of resettlement of the villagers and providing new sources of livelihood, thus adding direct cost to the cost of constructing the dam. But the government was determined about the feasibility of the project. However the control level of the dams would also lead to submergence of the temple of Bhavnath. This was an old temple which was considered highly sacred and connected with Bhrugu Rishi. Also, the temple attracted many tourists at the annual fair. Due to this reason the Government faced stiff opposition from the villagers. The government agreed to take steps to protect the temple. However the final proposal had some changes made like the new control levels as mentioned in exhibit 2, raised capacity i. . 5700 million cu. ft. But this would lead to complete submergence of the temple and was inevitably met with adamant resistance from the people. Bombay was divided in 1960 and Gujarat was formed. The newly formed government was keenly interested in the dam scheme but the opposition still persisted. PROBLEM The central problem is the government’s dilemma to go with Plan I or Plan II. Plan I: The dam would be c onstructed with control levels as in exhibit 1. The capacity would be 4700 million cu. ft. The revenues generated would be Rs. 15. 83 lakhs annually. The temple would be saved from submergence and provided with an all-weather access. Plan II: The dam would be constructed with control levels as in exhibit 2. The capacity would be 5700 million cu. ft and higher revenues would be generated. The temple would be completely submerged. OBJECTIVES †¢ Economic Development: The government wants to go for all-round economic development and thus provide better future prospects for the nation. †¢ Increase in Irrigation Potential: The government wants to bring more area under irrigation and thus earn higher revenues. Resettlement of Villagers: The government has to shift the villagers to a new location and also provide them with source of livelihood. †¢ Protection of Temple: The government would not want to hurt the religious sentiments of the villagers by submerging the temple and thus affect its vote bank. OPTIONS 1. The government can build the dams with reduced control levels as in exhibit 1. The capacity would be 4700 millio n cu. ft and it would facilitate irrigation of 92900 acres of land. This would help generate revenues of Rs. 15. 83 lakhs annually. 2. The government can build the dams with higher control levels as in exhibit 2. The capacity would be 5700 million cu. ft and thus higher revenue generation. 3. The government can opt for slight reduction in the reservoir capacity i. e. below what was initially proposed. As the villagers realise the potential benefits due to the dam, the government can increase the reservoir capacity by expanding laterally. EVALUATION 1. If the government goes with Option 1, it would be able to protect the temple from submerging. This would also respect the religious sentiments of the villagers. Also, the government would be able to cash in on the revenues generated from the tourists arriving at the temple during the annual fair. The vote bank of the government would also be secured. Also there would be lesser shifting of the villagers required. However the reduced dam capacity would mean lower irrigation potential and lower revenues generated. 2. If the government goes with Option 2, it would be able to increase the irrigation potential and thus generate higher revenues. It would also mean better economic development for the village as well as the nation. However, as it would imply submergence of the temple, there would be stiff resistance from the villagers. The government would also have to face the ire of opposition parties. This would in turn hurt their vote bank. Submergence of the temple would also stop the inflow of the revenues generated through tourism. There would also be additional burden on the government for shifting of the villagers and arranging their source of livelihood. 3. If the government goes with Option 3, they would be saving the temple from submergence. There would also be lesser number of villages getting submerged. This would save the government costs of resettlement of the villagers. As there is sufficient irrigation potential, the government can in future increase the irrigation potential by expanding the reservoir laterally. However revenues generated would be less and so would be agricultural production. ACTION PLAN The government should go with Option 1. The dam would facilitate the irrigation of 92900 acres of land and generate annual revenues of Rs. 15. 83 lakhs. The government would also be able to collect the revenues generated from the tourists visiting the temple. This plan would protect the temple from submergence. As a result the government’s action would be viewed in good faith by the villagers as their religious sentiments would be taken care of. This plan will also help the government to stay in power. It would win them the support from nearby villages too.

Target Financial Analysis

Juan A. Torres Rodriguez D01596038 Mini Case Assignment Target Corp. started in 1902 as Dayton’s Dry Goods company. At 1911, Dayton’s Dry Goods is renames as Dayton Company, and commonly known as Dayton’s Department Store. In 1946 Dayton’s Department Stores started giving the community back 5% of their pretax profits, a practice that Target Corp still maintains. During the 1960’s Dayton’s create a new kind of store to appeal the masses called Target, opening the first Target store in the Twin Cities on May 1, 1962. The industry sector in which Target Corporation competes is in the retail sector reaching the $62. 7 Billion in sales. As mentioned above, Target competes in the retail sector, which makes the operating risks of the company mainly focused on customer’s perceptions, differentiation of brand, and anticipating consumer preferences to boost their sales, gross margin and profitability. If we take a look at Target’s 10K, th e first risk factor they mention is the ability of differentiate the business from other retailers by creating attractive value propositions through a careful combination of price, merchandise assortment, convenience, guest service and marketing efforts.Another risk that all companies in this sector face is the macroeconomic condition of the country and the impact this has in their consumers. This lead us to the financial risk the company might have. One of the financial risks we have to consider in any type of company is the debt to total capitalization ratio. Based on financial information of their 2011 report, we can calculate the debt to total capitalization ratio in the following manner: Total debt: 15,726 million Total stockholder’s equity: 15,487 million, therefore: 15,726 / 31,213= . 50 or 50%Comparing their debt to total capitalization ratio with industry average, Target’s is too high. The industry debt to total capitalization ratio is 0. 36. Comparing the fin ancial information of previous years Target went from 0. 58 in 2009 to 0. 52 in 2010, to 0. 50 in 2011. Overall, Target is improving significantly their debt to capitalization ratio, but still has some work to do. In regards of Target stock, currently they don’t have any preferred stock outstanding, just common stock. Target’s common stock is traded in the NYSE as TGT. The price of it’s common stock as of today is $62. 0, going up 0. 06 points. Target’s cash dividend yield on the Common Stock is 0. 0192 = 1. 92% = 2. 0: Cash dividends declared per share: $1. 20 Current stock price: $62. 50 Cash dividend yield= 1. 15 dividends declared/ 62. 50 stock price = 1. 92 = 2. 0 Target’s market capitalization is: 668. 4 million shares issued and outstanding x $62. 50 of stock prices = 41. 8 Billion Continuing with Target’s capital structure, if we look at Target’s liabilities section: Short portion of Long-Term Debt = $3. 3 Billion Long-term de bt = $15. 2 Billion Therefore the total debt for Target would be: . 3 B + 15. 2 B = 18. 5 Billion Dollars Taking the previous calculation of Targets market capitalization of 41. 8 the total capitalization would be: 18. 5 B + 41. 8 B = 60. 3 Billion, or: 31% Debt 69% Equity As of November 18, 2012, Target’s current beta is . 48. Now if we would like to calculate what would be Target’s new beta without the long-term debt (unlevered beta) we need to use the Hamada formula for the unlevered beta bu= b/ [1 +(1-T)(D/S) bu= . 48 / [ 1 + (1-34. 3%) (18. 5/40. 6)] bu= . 37 If Target would not have any long-term debt, its beta would be of . 7. Moving to Target’s current Marginal Tax Rate, according to the Income Statement found at Target’s annual report, the rate is 34. 3%. In order to calculate Target’s Cost of debt before and after taxes, we need to look for the bonds issued by a corporation. Since Target has not issued bonds, I took the cost of a long-ter m debt due in 2020 as my example. The rate of that long-term debt is 3. 875%. This would be the Cost of debt before any taxes taken. Now to calculate the Cost of Debt after tax, we need to proceed with the following calculation: 3. 875 ( 1 – 34. %) = 2. 545875 As mentioned before, Target doesn’t have any preferred stock. We can calculate the Cost of Equity using the Risk Free Rate of 3. 00% and a Risk Premium of 7. 5% points. Using the new beta of . 48 we can determine what is the Expected Total return by Common Stockholders: rRF = 3. 00 rRP = 7. 5 b= . 48 Cost of Equity = rRF + (rRP x b) =3. 00% + (7. 5% pts x 0. 48) = 0. 066 ? 6. 6% Given the dividend yield of 2. 0 we can also determine the Expected annual appreciation of Target’s Common Stock: 6. 6% Total Return – 2. 0 Dividend Yield = 4. % of E. A. A. With the previous information calculated we could proceed and calculate the Weighted Average Cost of Capital: wd = 31% ws = 69% rs = 6. 6% rd = 3. 875% Tax = 34. 3 WACC = wd ( 1 – T)rd + ws(rs) =31% ( 1 – 34. 3%) 3. 875% + (69% x 6. 6%) = 0. 053432 = 5. 3432% One of the last things used to evaluate in order to consider investing in a company is its Price Earnings Multiple. Target’s Price Earnings Multiple is calculated the following way: Stock Price= $62. 50 Earnings Per Share = $4. 50 P/E = Stock Price / EPS = 62. 50 / 4. 50 = 13. 89If we compare Target’s P/E ratio with Wal-Mart, which is in the same industry, (14. 03 P/E), Target’s P/E is within ndustry. http://finance. yahoo. com/q/bc? s=TGT+Basic+Chart&t=5y This chart was retrieved from Yahoo! Financial. In here we can see the performance of Target’s Stock (TGT) during the past five years. In 2008 Target’s started at approximately $55. 00; looking at 2009, the stock plummeted from the 60’s to the mid 20’s, which reflects the market crash. After this episode in the economy we can see that Target’s stock has re covered significantly.After performing the calculations, Target’s capital structure is optimal. However, the debt to capitalization ratio is high, at 50%. Target needs to lower its Long-Term Debt. Comparing Target’s debt to capital to the industry average, the industry average is 0. 36. However I would invest in Target. I think I would have an advantage over outsiders, because I used to work at Target Corporation. Target is a company that is constantly growing, and their sales demonstrate their market advantage over other retailers. What convinced me to invest into Target mostly was the P/E ratio.Comparing it to a corporation like Wal-Mart, which is really successful, Target’s P/E ratio is acceptable and attractive. References 1. Scovaner, Douglas A. (2011). Target 2011 Annual Report. Retrieved on November 18, 2012: https://corporate. target. com/annual-reports/2011/images/company/annual_report_2011/documents/Target_2011_Annual_Report. pdf 2. Stock Analysis on n et. (2012). Retrieved on November 18, 2012. http://www. stock-analysis-on. net/NYSE/Company/Target-Corp/Ratios/Long-term-Debt-and-Solvency#Debt-to-Capital 3. Retrieved on November 18, 2012 http://ycharts. com/companies/TGT/pe_ratio 4.Yahoo! Finance. (2012). Retrieved on November 18, 2012. http://finance. yahoo. com/q/bc? s=TGT+Basic+Chart&t=5y ——————————————– [ 1 ]. https://corporate. target. com/annual-reports/2011/images/company/annual_report_2011/documents/Target_2011_Annual_Report. pdf, page 5. [ 2 ]. http://www. stock-analysis-on. net/NYSE/Company/Target-Corp/Ratios/Long-term-Debt-and-Solvency#Debt-to-Capital [ 3 ]. https://corporate. target. com/annual-reports/2011/images/company/annual_report_2011/documents/Target_2011_Annual_Report. pdf, [ 4 ]. http://ycharts. com/companies/TGT/pe_ratio

Elizabeth Cady Stanton essays

Elizabeth Cady Stanton essays Elizabeth Cadys older brother Eleazer, died when she was eleven years old. He was the only son of Judge Daniel Cady and Margaret Livingston Cady. Eleazer was the pride of the wealthy and conservative Cady family. Soon after Eleazers death, Elizabeth hopped onto her fathers lap. At first he paid no attention to her as she laid her head against his chest. Finally, her father sighed, Oh my daughter, I wish you were a boy! Elizabeth Cady then proceeded to spend great amounts of time studying and horseback riding, hoping to fill the void that her brother left. Learning in an academy full of boys, she pressed on, studying Latin, Greek and math with boys in the academy, and she became one of the top students. Soon, Elizabeth realized that taking action to succeed and becoming self-reliant was shaping her into in her own words, a very extraordinary woman. After graduating from Troy Female Seminary in New York (she was not allowed to attend mens colleges), Elizabeth Cady met Henry Stanton, who in her words was then considered the most eloquent and impassioned orator on the anti-slavery platform. After attending a few of his anti-slavery conventions, Elizabeth became enthused with new ideas of individual rights and the basic principles of government. She was also intrigued with the speaker. Elizabeth and Henry Stanton married in 1840. As they continued to attend the anti-slavery conventions, Elizabeth and others protested the exclusion of women as U.S. political abolitionist delegates. Elizabeth became determined to bring about change. Elizabeth Cady Stanton met with Lucretia Mott, a Philadelphia delegate, and planned the first female suffrage convention, held in Seneca Falls in 1848. The Stanton, Mott and three other women used the Declaration of Independence to guide them, changing a phrase here and there including adding women...

Parthenogenesis - Reproduction Without Sex

Parthenogenesis - Reproduction Without Sex Parthenogenesis is a type of asexual reproduction in which a female gamete or egg cell develops into an individual without fertilization. Animals including most kinds of wasps, bees, and ants that have no sex chromosomes reproduce by this process. Some reptiles and fish are also capable of reproducing in this manner. Many plants are also capable of reproducing by parthenogenesis. Most organisms that reproduce by parthenogenesis also reproduce sexually. This type of parthenogenesis is known as facultative parthenogenesis and organisms including water fleas, crayfish, snakes, sharks, and Komodo dragons reproduce in this manner. Other parthenogenic species, including some reptiles, amphibians, and fishes, are only capable of reproducing asexually. Key Takeaways: Parthenogenesis In parthenogenesis, reproduction occurs asexually when a female egg cell develops into a new individual without fertilization.Many different types of organisms reproduce by parthenogenesis including insects, amphibians, reptiles, fish, and plants.Most parthenogenic organisms also reproduce sexually, while others only reproduce by asexual means.Parthenogenesis is an adaptive strategy that allows organisms to reproduce when sexual reproduction is not possible due to environmental conditions.Parthenogenesis that happens by apomixis involves the replication of an egg by mitosis resulting in diploid cells that are clones of the parent.Parthenogenesis that happens by automixis involves the replication of an egg by meiosis and the transformation of the haploid egg to a diploid cell by chromosome duplication or fusion with a polar body.In arrhenotokous parthenogenesis, the unfertilized egg develops into a male.In thelytoky parthenogenesis, the unfertilized egg develops into a female.In deute rotoky parthenogenesis, a male or female may develop from the unfertilized egg. Advantages and Disadvantages of Parthenogenesis Parthenogenesis is an adaptive strategy to ensure the reproduction of organisms when conditions are not favorable for sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction can be advantageous to organisms that must remain in a particular environment and in places where mates are scarce. Numerous offspring can be produced without costing the parent a great amount of energy or time. A disadvantage of this type of reproduction is the lack of genetic variation. There is no movement of genes from one population to another. Due to the fact that environments are unstable, populations that are genetically variable will be able to adapt to changing conditions better than those that lack genetic variation. How Does Parthenogenesis Happen? There are two main ways in which parthenogenesis occurs. One method is by apomixis, where egg cells are produced by mitosis. In apomictic parthenogenesis, the female sex cell (oocyte) replicates by mitosis producing two diploid cells. These cells have the full complement of chromosomes needed to develop into an embryo. The resulting offspring are clones of the parent cell. Among the organisms that reproduce in this manner are flowering plants and aphids. Dorling Kindersley / Getty Images The other main method of parthenogenesis is through automixis. In automictic parthenogenesis, egg cells are produced by meiosis. Normally in oogenesis (egg cell development), the resulting daughter cells are divided unequally during meiosis. This asymmetrical cytokinesis results in one large egg cell (oocyte) and smaller cells called polar bodies. The polar bodies degrade and are not fertilized. The oocyte is  haploid  and only becomes diploid after it is  fertilized by male sperm. Since  automictic parthenogenesis does not involve males, the egg cell becomes diploid by fusing with one of the polar bodies or by duplicating its chromosomes and doubling its genetic material. Since the resulting offspring are produced by meiosis, genetic recombination  occurs and these individuals are not true clones of the parent cell. Sexual Activity and Parthenogenesis In an interesting twist, some organisms that reproduce by parthenogenesis actually need sexual activity for parthenogenesis to occur. Known as pseudogamy or gynogenesis, this type of reproduction requires the presence of sperm cells to stimulate egg cell development. In the process, no genetic material is exchanged because the sperm cell does not fertilize the egg cell. The egg cell develops into an embryo by parthenogenesis. Organisms that reproduce in this manner include some salamanders, stick insects, ticks,  aphids,  mites,  cicadas, wasps, bees, and  ants. How Is Sex Determined in Parthenogenesis? In some organisms such as wasps, bees, and  ants, sex is determined by fertilization. In arrhenotokous parthenogenesis, an  unfertilized egg develops into a male and a fertilized egg develops into a female. The female is diploid and contains two sets  of chromosomes, while the male is haploid.  In thelytoky parthenogenesis,  unfertilized  eggs develop into  females.  Thelytoky parthenogenesis occurs in some ants, bees, wasps, arthropods, salamanders,  fish, and reptiles. In  deuterotoky parthenogenesis, both males and females develop from unfertilized eggs. Other Types of Asexual Reproduction In addition to parthenogenesis, there are several other types of asexual reproduction. Some of these methods include: Spores: Spores are reproductive cells that develop into new organisms without fertilization.Binary fission: In binary fission, an individual replicates and divides by mitosis creating two individuals.Budding: In budding, an individual grows out of the body of its parent.Regeneration: Regeneration occurs when the detached part of an individual forms another individual. Sources Allen, L., et al. Molecular Evidence for the First Records of Facultative Parthenogenesis in Elapid Snakes. Open Science, The Royal Society, 1 Feb. 2018, rsos.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/5/2/171901.Dudgeon, Christine L., et al. Switch from Sexual to Parthenogenetic Reproduction in a Zebra Shark. Nature News, Nature Publishing Group, 16 Jan. 2017, www.nature.com/articles/srep40537.Parthenogenesis. New World Encyclopedia, www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?titleParthenogenesisoldid987045.

Myrrh (Commiphora molmol) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Myrrh (Commiphora molmol) - Essay Example and 60 essential oils are normally used by the professional aromatherapist, and most suppliers offer in the region of 70-80; these oils generally belong to just a few of the many plant families, and the families dealt with below include the majority of plants utilized in the production of essential oils’. Current paper refers specifically to the plant commiphora molmol (or myrrh as most commonly known) and its use in the area of medicine and aromatherapy. A series of clinical data is also presented in order to support the theoretical views that are related with the use of myrrh as a basis of several remedies applied in modern medicine. The word myrrh origins from the Arabic word ‘murr’ that means ‘bitter’. In Encyclopedia Britannica (2007) myrrh is referred as a ‘bitter-tasting, agreeably aromatic, yellow to reddish brown oleoresinous gum obtained from various small, thorny, flowering trees of the genus Commiphora, of the incense-tree family (Burseraceae); the two main varieties of myrrh are herabol and bisabol’. The study of Hanrahan (2007, 1) also refers to myrrh and its origin. In the specific study it is mentioned that ‘myrrh (also known as Commiphora molmol, abyssinica, or myrrha) is a close relative and member of the Burseraceae family, native to the eastern Mediterranean, Ethiopia, the Arabian peninsula, and Somalia; myrrh is a shrubby desert tree known variously as gum, myrrh tree, guggal gum, guggal resin, didin, and didthin’ (Hanrahan, 2007, 1). The most significant characteristic of myrrh is its distinctive colour. More specifically, as it is stated in a report published by the Tillotson Institute of Natural Health (2005), ‘myrrh gum has an intense dark color, reflecting its medicinal potency; it exerts a strong and certain action against specific types of pain and swelling, such as that of rheumatoid arthritis while it is strong enough to soften hard swellings and carbuncles;Â  like all plant resins, myrrh can also lower blood

Influence of Integration Managerial Accounting Skills on Small and Essay - 1

Influence of Integration Managerial Accounting Skills on Small and Medium Enterprises Business toward the Success and Growth of SMEs in Thailand - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that SME has always been a very important aspect of the growth of national economies. Therefore, it becomes quite necessary to maintain the stability of the SME. The past evidence has the given enough of the significant contributions made by these SME toward the growth of an economy. The concentration of the SME within an economy is very higher and they face the completion from other SME’s and multinational enterprises. Therefore, maintaining a sustainable SME is the quite challenging task that requires a very effective integration managerial accounting skills. Besides, Thailand is rapidly developing the nation and in this regard, Thai SMEs have played a very vital role. Thai Government also strives to impose effective policies for SME developments. However, the government keeps trying to bring economic prosperity through SME development. On the other, the growth of SME also depends on the managerial skills of accounting and others. Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) has identified the accounting skill set that includes analysis, strategy, risk, planning, and communication. In context to the rapid development of the Thai economy, the role of managerial practices in the growth of SME should be assessed for future of development. SMEs are exposed to a number of risks and challenges due to their vulnerable nature and size. The primary aim of the managerial practices in to overcome these challenge. Therefore, in order to present the theoretical background relating to this topic, the necessary theories that must be explained are managerial accounting skills like costing systems, risk management, budgeting, performance evaluation, financial communication and information for decision making and strategic analysis. Based on the core management accounting skills that include five major aspects i.e. financial communication and information, performance evaluation, risk management, and financial planning four hypotheses are framed and these are given.

Casing an Integral Part in Oil Drilling Assignment

Casing an Integral Part in Oil Drilling - Assignment Example Conductor casing does vary in diameters from 18’’ to 30’’ (Mid Continent, 2014). Freshwater zones are isolated from the well of oil by surface casting. This makes sure that the waters remain uncontaminated in the drilling and completion process. Such environmental issues have compelled some countries to put in place regulations governing cement quality as well as casting depth. A surface casting classic size is 18 5/8 inches. Intermediate casting helps minimize the hazards, which underground formations could pose to the well. It also prevents blowouts by supporting maintenance of hydrostatic pressure at the appropriate levels. Intermediate casing happens to the longest casting section found in a well. Liner strings at times can be used as an alternative to intermediate casting. They are less permanent compared to an intermediate casing and are used often for cost reduction (Mid Continent, 2014). The liner is hung right from the base of the prior casting interval and not from the surface, as a replacement for being cemented in place. Production casting is the final and it happens to be the deepest section of well casing. It does provide a channel for petroleum producing formation to the surface. Its size does depend on several considerations. For instance for a well expecting future deepening, production casing should wide enough for a drill bit to pass through. Well, a casing is done in sections (joints) of around 40 feet long and joined together in order to form long lengths known as casting strings (Rigzone, 2014). Every end of a casting joint does have male threads, which are under the protection of a thread protector, till the casings become ready for joining. A coupling or collar made of a cylindrical pipe that is short but longer slightly in diameter than the joints and has female threads connects the male joint ends (U.S. Department of Labor, 2014).  Ã‚  

Sport and Physical Activity in Social Exclusion Policy

Sport and Physical Activity in Social Exclusion Policy Critically assess the contribution that  sport and physical activity can make  in meeting social policy objectives  around social exclusion Introduction This report seeks to assess the contribution that sport, along with physical activity can make in contributing to and meeting social policy objectives with regard to social exclusion. The preceding represents an interesting as well as complex discussion in that it weaves a number of important terms into its framework. The first of these terms that will be explored is social policy, as this forms the foundational platform. Social policy, as noted by Alcock et al[1] is a difficult concept to define. They state that it, social policy, represents â€Å"†¦ an academic field of study is one of those curious items, rather like an elephant, which we recognise when we see it, but is notoriously difficult to describe†[2]. Considine[3], in furthering Alcock et al’s[4] statement, adds, â€Å"†¦ policy is a deceptively simple term which conceals some very complex activities†. Given the preceding, a more defined explanation of social policy shall be approached later in this examination. This report shall seek to accomplish its objective through a review of varied materials and sources to equate the foundational facets for the initiative, and where it is in today’s terms in achieving its ends. Context As brought forth in the Introduction segment of this report, various utilised herein terms represent areas needing further defining. Social policy represents one of these, which Coffey[5] advises there are three ways of attempting to definition it as the concept is subject to constant revision. This approach is also taken by Considine[6], who states that these three areas representâ€Å"†¦ when governments simply make some public announcement on homelessness, or the need to protect vulnerable children from abuse †¦Ã¢â‚¬  thus making a policy statement. He adds that the word policy is used â€Å"†¦ when public officials commit public resources to a program†, thus meaning that the allocation of money with regard to spending on health and welfare is called a policy. In proceeding with her explanation of social policy Coffey[7] first starts that â€Å"†¦ social policy has conventionally been used as a term to denote a set of policies and practices concerned with promoting social welfare and well being. The preceding definition has applicability with regard to the context of this examination, as it, the preceding definition, is usually â€Å"†¦ associated with the provision of social welfare through institutions of the State†[8]. In offering the preceding definition, Coffey[9] cautions us that the expanded role of social welfare has given rise to the fact that social policies can in fact â€Å"†¦ be made, enacted and implemented within and outside the auspices of the State†. In continuing to the second definition of social policy, Coffee[10] tells us that it builds upon the foregoing understanding, recognizing â€Å"†¦ social policy as a distinctive field of study†. In aiding our understanding, Coffee[11] states that conventionally, the study of social policy has been centred on the â€Å"†¦ Welfare State and its main social services †¦Ã¢â‚¬  as represented by housing, health, social security, education, and personal social services. The preceding areas are limited in that the foregoing does not open the sphere to the many applications of social policy in its modern context. In illustrating this, Coffee[12] advises us that in the broadest sense, social policy can be thought of as incorporating all governmental policy that has a social dimension. The third and last of Coffee’s[13] definition advises that social policy is â€Å"†¦ a distinctive academic discipline – not only with a (re) defined subject matter and empirical agenda, but also with its own theoretical and conceptual frameworks†. The significance of delving into the context and nuances of social policy has been engaged in as it represents a foundational facet of this examination, and as such, it is a fluid area that shifts and changes based upon the social context of the day. Social inclusion, as the other key phrase in this study is discussed by Abery[14] as also being a term that lacks a clear definition. The reason for the problem in establishing a clear-cut definition is that there are no definitive guidelines for a determination of the degree, context and or type pf what determines the amount of social interaction that is necessary for a person to feel included as a part of a community, thus, defining the level for social exclusion, and therefore inclusion remains somewhat ambiguous. In a book written by Atkinson et al[15] titled â€Å" Social Indicators: The EU and Social Inclusion†, they point to indicators as developed by the European Union as guidelines and yardsticks for social inclusion, as a result of the aforementioned ambiguity of the term. Abery[16] aids us in understanding that since social exclusion represents a perceived factor that can take in age, race, cultural background, as well as peer groups and other defining facets, socia l inclusion is also guided by the same processes. It, social inclusion, is a perception in some regards that has backing from definitive factors, thus its status as a program with the European Union as a result of the social diversity in its member countries[17]. Social Inclusion, the Foundations and Approaches Social exclusion was addressed in the writings of Walker and Walker[18], which chronicled the growing financial, diversity and social divides that were impacting the UK as a result of immigration, and parts of the indigenous population as the spread between demographic groups, the lower end, and the middle and upper middle class, continually widened. The factual foundation for this divide, is that the United Kingdom has almost double the amount of households classified as poor than Belgium, Denmark, Sweden, Holland, or Italy, with an unemployment rate in the late 1990s that approximately one fourth of all males[19]. Thus, as Collins and Kay[20] report, poverty represents a foundational facet of exclusion, thereby representing a core facet that needed addressing as part of governmental efforts to include less fortunate groups. In the United Kingdom, the Social Exclusion Unit[21] in a report to the Prime Minister put forth objectives and potential solutions to the problems of the development of a means as to how to †¦develop integrated and sustainable approaches to the problems of the worst housing estates, including crime, drugs, unemployment, community breakdown, and bad schools etc. The report also stated that â€Å"Social exclusion is a shorthand term for what can happen when people or areas suffer from a combination of linked problems such as unemployment, poor skills, low incomes, poor housing, high crime, bad health and family breakdown†[22]. The initiative involving social inclusion in the United Kingdom emanated from the Lisbon Summit[23], whereby the member states of the European Union were committed to proceeed with the promotion of social cohesion, along with inclusion, as a what they termed as a strategic goal. One of the areas that Collins and Kay[24] identified as a means to combat social exclusion was sport. They cited the works of Goodale and Witt[25] that uncovered that there were barriers that people in lower income groups faced in partaking in recreational activities. However, income was not found to be the only factor, as other constraints as represented by appearance, social and physical factors were also identified as being facets that contributed to exclusion by what were termed as gatekeepers such as facility managers, sports development officers, coaches, teachers, and or club officers â€Å"†¦who select who is in and who is out of groups, and societys representatives who label people as different†[26]. The impact and range of the preceding is brought forward in a study conducted by Harland et al[27] they chronicled the constraints as well as exclusionary aspects in sport and leisure activities in the UK, as shown by the following: Table 1 – U.K. Constraints and Exclusion Charts for Sport and Leisure Activities in the United Kingdom[28] The preceding reveals that poverty does add an extra dimension, intensity, to the other factors as it locks people in through the accentuation of â€Å"†¦their feeling that they are not autonomous agents, capable of bringing change to their lives†[29]. In a report as conducted by Driver and Bruns[30] 105 differing benefits were listed that accrued to individuals for participation in sports. In many instances, the benefits enhanced the community as well. The preceding findings led to the development of a report that was made by Sport England, in collaboration with the Local Government Association that looked at the value of sport participation: Table 2 – The Benefits of Sports Participation[31] NOTE: â€Å"a† stands for Parks and Recreation Federation of Ontario (PRFO), â€Å"b† represents the Hillary Commission (HC), â€Å"c† stands for Sport England (SpE), and â€Å"d† represents Local Government Association (LGA). In taking the foregoing and soliciting the views of the staffs of local authorities in the United Kingdom, Long and Sanderson[32] surveyed leisure officers as well as departments, and found the following: Table 3 – Potential Benefits of Sport as Perceived by Local Authority Staff (Percentage Citing as very important) [33] The inequalities in sport participation were brought forth in a study conducted by Sport England[34] to bring forth the facets of social exclusion, highlighting social disadvantage, gender, disability, and ethnicity, looking into the equity policies as well as programmes for twelve sport zones. The study, along with the other studies and reports referred to, reveal that sport inclusion for lower income as well as minority groups is limited overall, indicating what Collins and Kay[35] term as an â€Å"†¦ economic gradient in sport and leisure†. Table 4 – Inequalities in Participation in Sport by Social Class. Conducted from the 1960s to the 1990s[36] The foregoing examples and information has been utilised to provide a clear framework of understanding that social exclusion has many veneers, of which unemployment, income, ethnicity, disability, along with being a single parent are its faces. Thus in looking into the subject of social inclusion, and policy objectives these broad factors must be considered. Discussion and Analysis Coalter[37] tells us that from an organisational context, the United Kingdom has a history of strong voluntary associations and social capital invested and utilised in sport. As an entertainment medium, sport has long been known as a vehicle that initiates and fosters social change, as evidenced by the participation of minorities in sports that that have been long associated, as well as new sporting areas whereby they are paving new participation grounds, such as golf, with Tiger Woods, motor sports, with Lewis Hamilton, and tennis, with the Williams sisters. The previous segments of this report have brought forth past circumstantial facets that are important underpinnings and information base foundations from which to understand the nuances of social exclusion and sport in the United Kingdom. That foundation represents an important facet in the understanding of the economic as well as political aspects that underpin sport policy. The PAT 10[38] advises that sport participation has beneficial aspects in terms of social impact. The report stated that the use of sport in community settings can encourage the building and maintaining of strong community groups, build confidence, contribute to neighborhood renewal as well as improve health, reduce crime, aid in employment, and bring benefits in higher grades[39]. The foregoing is claimed by the Policy Action Team[40] as resulting due to â€Å"†¦its wide popularity and inherent properties, sport can contribute to neighbourhood renewal by improving communities performance †¦Ã¢â‚¬  citing the prior four key indicators (health, crime, employment and education). The findings of the PAT 10[41] report found that the preceding four areas are impacted positively in deprived communities as a result of 1. the appeal of sports to the interests of individuals in the development of their self confidence and potential, 2. providing a foundation for community identity through collective effort, 3. the building of positive links to the broader community, and 4. is associated with industries that are experiencing rapid growth. The issues that need to be overcome in the establishment of sporting and recreational activities are 1. projects that have been tailored to policy and programme criteria rather than the needs of the community, 2. projects and or programmes that are created with perspectives that are short term, 3. the promotion of sports as well as arts in communities whereby they are seen as being peripheral as opposed to being involved in the cultural and needs of the programmes conducted, 4. the need for studies and relevant information concerning the impact of sporting activities and the arts, and 5. the poor connective links between sporting bodies, local authorities, and schools grades[42]. The PAT 10[43] report listed the following areas are being important in the exploitation of sports as a process in communities that contribute to regeneration, 1. diversity needs to be valued, 2. local communities need more control, 3. equitable partnership need to be developed. 4. the defining of objectives that are aligned with community needs, 5. sustainability in programme development, 6. ensuring quality and equality across all spectrums, and 6. setting the programmes for a connection to mainstream sporting activities. The report advised that sports are an activity that people can consume, meaning as spectators and as participants, thus involving the players as well as their friends, family and community to create a binding effect when utilised proactively (Policy Action Team, 1999)[44]. The key glue is participation and involvement that takes in the policy side, meaning planners and staff, as well as the community side. In order to make the lofty objective work as identified in the PAT 10 report[45], the government sought the input of the Strategy Unit as well as the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) to provide workable recommendations concerning a long term policy for sport that took in the preceding foundational facets as identified by the PAT 10 report. The objective of the preceding was to uncover ways in which to improve the delivery of governmental support, which resulted in four key recommendations. The first of these was to create and enhance Grass Roots Participation, along with initiatives needed to overcome the barriers to more active involvement, with the focus of the preceding aimed at young people, economically disadvantaged, older age groups as well as women[46]. The second area was termed as High Performance Sport, which called for the prioritization of which sports would be funded in what percentages, including talent development and funding streams that focused on bett er delivery to communities and people[47]. Mega Sporting Events were ide